Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 11, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The aspects of processes of meiosis and mitosis that leads to the conclusion that they are evolutionary related processes and also to review, which of them evolved first.
Introduction:
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which ploidy of the chromosomes remains same and it is also known as equational division. Meiosis is the type of cell division in which ploidy of the chromosomes decreases to half and also known as reductional division.
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Students have asked these similar questions
In animals, which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?
a. Meiosis is a form of asexual division, whereas mitosis is a form of sexual division.
b. In mitosis, single loops of DNA are copied, whereas meiosis involves multiple linear chromosomes.
O c. Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.
d. Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic cells, whereas meiosis occurs in eukaryotic cells.
Why is there a need for mitosis and meiosis? Are there characteristics that make them redundant? Explain. If you created an organism, would you use mitosis or meiosis in reproduction? Why? Provide two examples in nature of organisms that only use one process.
Even though the processes are very similar, mitosis and meiosis are two very distinct processes. What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
a.
Mitosis results in two identical sister cells genetically identical to the original parent cell, while meiosis also starts with diploid but results in haploid cells.
b.
Mitosis only occurs in plants and single cell organisms, while meiosis only occurs in animals.
c.
Mitosis starts with diploid but results in haploid cells, while meiosis results in two identical sister cells genetically identical to the original parent cell.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 11.1 - How does the outcome to meiosis differ from that...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 11.2 - Consider an animal with six pairs of chromosomes;...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 11 - The chromosome constitution number of this...Ch. 11 - Which of the following is not associated with...Ch. 11 - Chiasmata: a. form during metaphase II of meiosis....Ch. 11 - If 2n is four, the number of possible combinations...
Ch. 11 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 11 - The DNA content in a diploid cell in G2 is X. If...Ch. 11 - Metaphase in mitosis is similar to what stage in...Ch. 11 - In the human sperm: a. there must be one...Ch. 11 - In plants, the adult diploid individuals are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 11 - Discuss Concepts You have a technique that allows...Ch. 11 - Discuss Concepts One of the human chromosome pairs...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 11 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 11 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 11 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 11 - Prob. 2ITD
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- A cell is shown during the anaphase stage of mitosis. Which of the following statements best explains what would be different if the diagram showed anaphase I of meiosis instead of anaphase of mitosis? Select one: a. Homologous chromosomes would be moving to the same end of the cell. b. Homologous chromosomes would form a tetrad. c. Each chromosome would have two sister chromatids. d. The sister chromatids would be pulled apart.arrow_forwardThe following four questions refer to the picture below: 1) In meiosis, the homologous chromosomes are side by side. Are they side by side in mitosis? 2)In meiosis, each centromere has a spindle fiber attached only to one side. In mitosis, each centromere has a spindle attached to how many sides? 3) Look at what happened right after Metaphase in both processes. In mitosis, what has been separated homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids? 4) After Metaphase I in meiosis, what has been separated, homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids?arrow_forwardOffer evidence in support of the hypothesis that meiosis evolvedfrom mutations in the process of mitosis.arrow_forward
- Humans produce skin cells by mitosis and gametes by meiosis. Which of the following statements about the nuclei of skin cells is correct? a. They contain half as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis. b. They contain four times as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis. c. They contain the same amount of DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis. d. They contain twice as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is one of the very importantdifferences between mitosis and meiosis?a. Chromosomes align midway between spindle polesonly in meiosis.b. Homologous chromosomes separate only inmeiosis.c. DNA is replicated before mitosis only.d. Sister chromatids separate only in meiosis.e. Interphase occurs only in mitosis.arrow_forwardCell division is involved in the growth, reproductive development and replacement of old cells in organisms. By using only 6 chromosome, draw and label a new cell showing how these chromosomes would arrange themselves during the metaphase of meiosis I. There is one crossing over that occurs between one homologous pair. In your drawing distinguishes between homologous pairs. Compare the process of independent assortment and crossing over. Decide and justify which process has the greatest influence on genetic diversity.Remark: The word count limit is 250 words only, no less than 100 words.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements accurately describes a differencebetween mitosis and meiosis?a. Mitosis may produce diploid cells, whereas meiosis produceshaploid cells.b. Homologous chromosomes synapse during meiosis but do notsynapse during mitosis.c. Crossing over commonly occurs during meiosis, but it does notcommonly occur during mitosis.d. All of the above are correct.e. Both a and c are correctarrow_forwardUse an illustration to show the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explain three processes that give rise to genetic variation. The diagram below shows a pair of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. Which of the following is the correct diagram of the gametes that produced the cell if there were no errors in meiosis?arrow_forwardExperiment: Saccharomyces cerevisiae can exist stably in either a haploid or a diploid state. A haploid S. cerevisiae cell has 16 chromosomes. When certain haploids come into contact, they fuse their cell walls and membranes, followed by the fusion of their nuclear membranes. The single nucleus now has 32 chromosomes, 16 from each parent strain, and is thus a diploid. Haploid yeast strains divide mitotically to give rise to haploid progeny, and diploid strains divide mitotically to give rise to diploid progeny. Certain haploids can fuse to form diploids. Haploid S. cerevisiae exists in two "mating types," called a and a. Mating occurs only between a and a cells; no mating occurs between cells of identical mating type. We have a collection of eight a haploid mutant strains and eight a haploid mutant strains of yeast unable to synthesize tryptophan (trp). These will be combined (mated) in all possible combinations to yield diploid strains. If the diploids can grow on minimal medium,…arrow_forward
- The following image shows one specific stage of meiosis. Which of the following correctly states what is occurring in this stage? A. Microtubules have begun to pull sister chromatids apart, pulling them toward the poles of the cells. There are two cells at this stage. B. Microtubules have begun to pull homologous chromosomes apart, pulling them toward the poles of the cell. There is only one cell at this stage. C. Microtubules have attached to the chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the midpoint of the cell. There is only one cell at this stage. D. The chromosomes have reached the poles of the cell. There are technically two cells, but cytokinesis has begun in each.arrow_forwardBrown-headed cowbirds are diploid, with 2N = 34 chromosomes. Mark all of the answers below that are correct for this species. O a. A homologous pair in prophase of mitosis has 4 chromatids. O b. A cell in metaphase of meiosis I has 68 DNA molecules. O C. A cell in metaphase of meiosis II has 34 chromosomes. O d. A somatic cell in G1 has 68 total chromatids. O e. Immediately following S phase, a somatic cell has 34 chromosomes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Meiosis occurs in somatic cells, whereas mitosis is only used to produce germ cells. B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, whereas meiosis is only used to produce germ cells. C. Meiosis always occurs much more quickly than mitosis. D. Only meiosis includes a separation division step, which occurs during Meiosis I.arrow_forward
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