Microeconomics (9th Edition) (Pearson Series in Economics)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134184241
Author: Robert Pindyck, Daniel Rubinfeld
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 9RQ
To determine
The marginal rate of transformation and the marginal rate of substitution.
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SUBSTITUTION AND INCOME EFFECTS
OF A WAGE INCREASE
When the wage rate increases from $10 to
$30 per hour, the worker's budget line shifts
from PQ to RQ.
In response, the worker moves from A to B
while decreasing work hours from 8 to 5.
The reduction in hours worked arises
because the income effect outweighs the
substitution effect.
In this case, the supply of labor curve is
backward bending.
Income
(dollars per
day)
720
240
w= $30
w= $10
12
16
www.
19
Substitution Effect
Income Effect
Derive the graph into a
backward bending labor
supply curve
Q
24
Hours of leisure
Winona has 80 hours to divide between leisure and labor. Her utility function is u(r,c) = f(r) + c, when r represents hours of leisure,c represents dollars of consumption, and f is strictly concave. Winona’s wage is w0= $15/hr. initially, then it rises to w1= $20/hr.
(i) Explain what happens to Winona’s labor supply when the wage rises,and why.
(ii) Explain how the answer to (i) would change if Winona were to win a lottery.
Suppose that the cost of living increases, thereby reducing the purchasing power of your income. If your money wage doesn’t increase, you may work more hours because of this cost-of-living increase. Is this response predominantly an income effect or a substitution effect? Explain.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Microeconomics (9th Edition) (Pearson Series in Economics)
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- Jack's marginal utility of consumption is MUc = L - 6, and the marginal utility of leisure is MUL=C-40. Jack does not have any nonlabor income, i.e., V = 0. Jack faces a $48 an hour wage rate. Jack's total number of hours available per week is 150. What is Jack's optimal choice of consumption? (calculate to 2 decimal places)arrow_forwardFind Kramer's marginal rate of substitutionarrow_forwardCindy gains utility from consumption C and leisure L. The most leisure she can consume in any given week is 168 hours. Her utility function is U ( C, L) = C x L. This functional form implies that Cindy’s marginal rate of substitution is C/L. Cindy receives $630 each week from her great-grandmother—regardless of how much Cindy works. What is Cindy’s reservation wage?arrow_forward
- An individual values both consumption and leisure. Suppose the individual has 1600 hours per week they can allocate between leisure and work. IF the individual works, they make a wage of $25 per hour. The individual's utility function is given as a function of leisure time, L and consumption, c: U(L, c) = L^(1/2)c ^ (1/2) a) Draw the individual's budget constraint for leisure and consumption. b) How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing? c) Consider a Universal Basic Income policy like the one proposed by Andrew Yang that would give all individuals a lump -sum, unconditional cash transfer of $1,000 each month. How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing with the cash transfer? d) Now suppose, instead of a cash transfer, a minimum wage of $40 per hour is implemented. How much leisure time will the individual have when utility maximizing with the cash transfer? e) What change in leisure time can be attributed to the substitution…arrow_forwardSuppose the wage you are being paid per hour doubles form $15 to $30. Would you decide to work more hours or fewer hours ? Is there an income and substitution effect involved in your decision about how many hours you choose to work? If so, what is being substituted for what?arrow_forwardFind the marginal rate of substitution for Household A.arrow_forward
- Terry’s utility function over leisure (L) and other goods (Y ) is U(L, Y ) = Y + LY. The associated marginal utilities are MUY = 1 + L and MUL = Y. He purchases other goods at a price of $1, out of the income he earns from working. Show that, no matter what Terry’s wage rate, the optimal number of hours of leisure that he consumes is always the same. (a) What is the number of hours he would like to have for leisure? Determine the MRS of leisure for labour (b) Draw a leisure-influenced labor curvearrow_forwardTerry’s utility function over leisure (L) and other goods (Y) is U (L, Y) = Y + LY. The associated marginal utilities are MUY = 1 + L and MUL = Y. He purchases other goods at a price of $1, out of the income he earns from working. Show that, no matter what Terry’s wage rate, the optimal number of hours of leisure that he consumes is always the same. (a) What is the number of hours he would like to have for leisure? (b) Determine the MRS of leisure for labour (c) Draw a leisure-influenced labor curvearrow_forwardJack currently works 38 hours per week at a wage rate of $15 per hour. His marginal rate of substitution is $20 per hour. Is Jack's utility maximized? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and discuss what Jack should do in order to further increase utility.arrow_forward
- Suppose that the cost of living increases, thereby reducing the purchasing power of your income. If your money wage doesn’t increase, you may work more hours because of this cost-of-living increase. Is this response predominantly an income effect or a substitution effect? Explain. with simple examplearrow_forwardSuppose the wage rate for labor is $20 an hour and the rental rate for capital is $50 per hour. Based on this information, please answer the questions appearing below the graph. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1,000 cases Labor Draw an (approximate) is-cost line associated with an hourly budget of $1,000. Hint: Find the intercept points first. If you were to shift this line out, what is the approximate least-cost combination of labor and capital when packaging 1,000 cases of fruit juice?arrow_forwardHow does the curvature of an isoquant relate to the marginal rate of technical substitution along an isoquant?arrow_forward
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