Concept explainers
Interpretation: To predict which option is not an industrial process among the given processes.
Concept introduction: Calcium is one of the most abundant elements found on earth. It is an alkaline earth metal and belongs to group
Calcium Oxide is quick lime and is a white, amorphous solid. Calcium hydroxide is known as slaked lime. Both are slightly soluble in water and dissolve in acids. Calcium carbonate is present in limestone and chalk. Calcium salts of fluoride and phosphates are also another important material. The formula for calcium fluoride is
These calcium minerals are used as raw materials for the various large-scale industrial process to produce materials.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Phosphorous acid, H3PO3, is oxidized to phosphoric acid, H3PO4, by nitric acid, which is reduced to nitrogen monoxide, NO. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.arrow_forwardThree reactions very important to the semiconductor industry are The reduction of silicon dioxide to crude silicon, SiO2(s) + 2 C(s) → Si(s) + 2 CO(g) ΔrH° = 689.9 kJ/mol The formation of silicon tetrachloride from crude silicon, Si(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → SiCl4(g) ΔrH° = −657.01 kJ/mol The reduction of silicon tetrachloride to pure silicon with magnesium, SiCl4(g) + 2 Mg(s) → 2 MgCl2(s) + Si(s) ΔrH° = −625.6 kJ/mol Calculate the overall enthalpy change when 1.00 mol sand, SiO2, changes into very pure silicon by this series of reactions.arrow_forwardThe following reactions are all similar to those of the industrial chemicals. Complete and balance the equations for these reactions: (a) reaction of a weak base and a strong acid NH3 + HClO4 ⟶ (b) preparation of a soluble silver salt for silver plating Ag2CO3 + HNO3 ⟶ (c) preparation of strontium hydroxide by electrolysis of a solution of strontium chloride SrCl2 (aq) + H2 O(l) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→arrow_forward
- (ii) The thermite reaction can be used to join railway tracks together. Aluminium is used in this reaction to produce iron from iron oxide. Fe,0, + 2Al 2Fe + Al,O, Explain why this reaction is a redox reaction.arrow_forwardA sample of 70.5 mg of potassium phosphate is added to 15.0 mL of 0.050 M silver nitrate, resulting in the formation of aprecipitate. (a) Write the molecular equation for the reaction. (b) What is the limiting reactant in the reaction? (c) Calculatethe theoretical yield, in grams, of the precipitate that forms.arrow_forwardMetallic titanium and its alloys (especially those with aluminum and vanadium) combine the advantages of high strength and lightweight and are therefore used widely in the aerospace industry for the bodies and engines of airplanes (Figure 2.4). The major natural source for titanium is the ore rutile, which contains titanium dioxide (TiO2).(a) An intermediate in the preparation of elemental titanium from TiO2 is avolatile chloride of titanium (boiling point 136°C) that contains 25.24%titanium by mass. Determine the empirical formula of this compound.(b) At 136°C and atmospheric pressure, the density of this gaseous chloride is 5.6 g L-1 . Under the same conditions, the density of gaseous nitrogen (N2, molar mass 28.0 g mol-1 ) is 0.83 g L-1 . Determine the molecular formula of this compound.(c) The titanium chloride dealt with in parts (a) and (b) is produced by thereaction of chlorine with a hot mixture of titanium dioxide and coke (carbon), with carbon dioxide generated as a…arrow_forward
- Complete and balance the following acid-base equations:(a) A solution of HClO4 is added to a solution of LiOH.(b) Aqueous H2SO4 reacts with NaOH.(c) Ba(OH)2 reacts with HF gas.arrow_forwardWhat are the processes used during the synthesis and purification of cobalt(II) sulphate (CoSO4.7H2O)arrow_forward
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