Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 27, Problem 25P
Calculate the number of ATP molecules
obtained in the ß -oxidation of myristic acid, CH3(CH2)12COOH.
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The number of ATP molecules
consumed and produced during
glycolysis under anaerobic
conditions are summarized in the
following diagram (the ATP
hydrolysis and synthesis
reactions are shown in green).
Phosphate
Carbon atom
2 ATP 2 ADP
●●●●●●
Glucose
I
Energy-Investing Phase
O 2 ATP
O 6 ATP
O 1 ATP
8 ATP
NADH
+ NAD* +H*
O 4 ATP
●●●●
2 ADP 2 ATP
NADH
+ NAD +H
Based on the diagram above, for
each glucose molecule broken
down, what is the net energy
yield of glycolysis in terms of ATP
under anaerobic conditions?
Pyruvate
2 ADP 2 ATP
●●●●●
Energy-Generating Phase
Pyruvate
For a given acid HA, it was determined that at pH 6.0 the concentration of the conjugate base [A]
was 0.075 M and the acid [HA] was 0.025 M.
What percent of this acid is ionized at pH 6.0?
What is the pKa of this acid?
What pH would this acid be 50% lonized?
Write the combustion reaction for C2H6.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 27.1QCCh. 27.2 - Prob. 27.2QCCh. 27.3 - Prob. 27.3QCCh. 27.4 - Prob. 27.4QCCh. 27.5 - Prob. 27.5QCCh. 27.6 - Prob. 27.6QCCh. 27.7 - Prob. 27.7QCCh. 27.8 - Prob. 27.8QCCh. 27.9 - Prob. 27.9QCCh. 27 - Prob. 1P
Ch. 27 - What are the products of lipase-catalyzed...Ch. 27 - What is the main use of amino acids in the body?Ch. 27 - Prob. 4PCh. 27 - Prob. 5PCh. 27 - Prob. 6PCh. 27 - Prob. 7PCh. 27 - Prob. 8PCh. 27 - Prob. 9PCh. 27 - Prob. 10PCh. 27 - Prob. 11PCh. 27 - Prob. 12PCh. 27 - Prob. 13PCh. 27 - Prob. 14PCh. 27 - Prob. 15PCh. 27 - Prob. 16PCh. 27 - Prob. 17PCh. 27 - Prob. 18PCh. 27 - Prob. 19PCh. 27 - Prob. 20PCh. 27 - Two enzymes participating in ß-oxidation have the...Ch. 27 - Prob. 22PCh. 27 - Prob. 23PCh. 27 - Is the ß -oxidation of fatty acid (without the...Ch. 27 - Calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained in...Ch. 27 - Prob. 26PCh. 27 - Prob. 27PCh. 27 - Prob. 28PCh. 27 - Prob. 29PCh. 27 - Prob. 30PCh. 27 - Prob. 31PCh. 27 - Prob. 32PCh. 27 - Prob. 33PCh. 27 - Ammonia, NH3, and ammonium ion, NH+4are both...Ch. 27 - Prob. 35PCh. 27 - Prob. 36PCh. 27 - Prob. 37PCh. 27 - Prob. 38PCh. 27 - 28-39 The metabolism of the carbon skeleton of...Ch. 27 - Prob. 40PCh. 27 - Prob. 41PCh. 27 - Prob. 42PCh. 27 - (Chemical Connections 27B ) Does gastric bypass...Ch. 27 - Prob. 44PCh. 27 - Prob. 45PCh. 27 - Prob. 46PCh. 27 - Prob. 47PCh. 27 - Prob. 48PCh. 27 - Prob. 49PCh. 27 - Prob. 50PCh. 27 - Prob. 51PCh. 27 - Prob. 52PCh. 27 - Prob. 53PCh. 27 - Write the products of the transamination reaction...Ch. 27 - Prob. 55PCh. 27 - Prob. 56PCh. 27 - Prob. 57PCh. 27 - Prob. 58PCh. 27 - Prob. 59PCh. 27 - Prob. 60PCh. 27 - Prob. 61PCh. 27 - Prob. 62PCh. 27 - Prob. 63PCh. 27 - Prob. 64PCh. 27 - Prob. 65PCh. 27 - Prob. 66PCh. 27 - Prob. 67PCh. 27 - Prob. 68PCh. 27 - Prob. 69PCh. 27 - Prob. 70PCh. 27 - Prob. 71PCh. 27 - Prob. 72PCh. 27 - Prob. 73PCh. 27 - Prob. 74PCh. 27 - Prob. 75PCh. 27 - Many soft drinks contain citric acid to add...Ch. 27 - Prob. 77PCh. 27 - Prob. 78PCh. 27 - Prob. 79PCh. 27 - Prob. 80P
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- What are the products for the chemical reaction of C2H5OH+O2—->arrow_forwardGLYCOLYSIS: 1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis? CITRIC ACID CYCLE: 2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂ during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…arrow_forwardI'm confused about whether H3PO4 dissolves into H2O, PO43-, and H2 or not?arrow_forward
- Write an equation for the oxidation of glucose by CuO if the compound is oxidized completely to CO2 and H2O.arrow_forwardDetermine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and products are present in equimolar amounts. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is –30.5 kJ/mol. fructose+ATP ____fructose 6‑phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for fructose 6‑phosphate is −15.9 kJ/mol. 3‑phosphoglycerate+ATP___1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for 1,3‑bisphosphoglycerate is −49.3 kJ/mol. creatine+ATP___creatine phosphate+ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for creatine phosphate is –43.0 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardScenario A: 1 mole of glucose in the presence of unlimited oxygen is metabolized through aerobic respiration. Scenario B: 1 mole of glucose in the absence of oxygen is metabolized through anaerobic respiration. Would the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced in Scenario A be greater than, less than, or equal to the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced in Scenario B? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
- 5) The conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis has a AG" value of 7.5 kJ/mol, so the reaction should be unfavorable. a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction, based on this AG" value and assuming a temperature of 37 °C. b) For this reaction to occur spontaneously in the cell, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) levels are kept low. What is the value of AG if the concentration of GAP is kept at 1/100 that of the DHAP. 6) Energy can be harnessed as electrons move from compounds with low reduction potential to those with a higher reduction potential. This happens many times in the electron transport chain, where O, ultimately accepts the electrons. Using Table 3.6, determine the AG" for the transfer of electrons from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to produce H,0.arrow_forwardIn the breakdown of fatty acids, we see the activation of a carboxylic acid by its conversion to a amine ester alcohol thioester carbonyl aldehydearrow_forwardOxaloacetic acid (or 2‑ketosuccinic acid) is a very important intermediate in metabolism. The compound is involved in the citric acid cycle for energy production within the cell. However, the compound is unstable and slowly decomposes spontaneously. Draw the decomposition products.arrow_forward
- What is the relationship between the plant pigment beta-carotene and vitamin A?arrow_forwardThe following is a block diagram for a glycerophospholipid where the building blocks are labeled with letters and the linkages between building blocks are labeled with numbers. a. Which building blocks are fatty acid residues? b. Which building blocks are alcohol residues? c. Which linkages are ester linkages? d. Which linkages involve a phosphate residue?arrow_forwardThe first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forward
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