The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named. Concept introduction: • Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat. • Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways. Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance. There are two types of radiative forcing, • Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface. • Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.41YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two additional forcing included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20^th century has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Albedo is the extent or area to which an object diffusely reflects light from the sun, or it is the ratio of light reflected by a planet or satellite.

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2. Two containers each have 50 mL of water at 20°C initially. They are each heated with the same source of heat One is heated for 10 minutes and the other for 5 minutes. If the container that was heated for 5 minutes has a final temperature of 30°C, what would be the final temperature of the other sample? A. 25°C B. 30°C C. 35°C D. 40°C E 60°C

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.41YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two additional forcing included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20^th century has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Albedo is the extent or area to which an object diffusely reflects light from the sun, or it is the ratio of light reflected by a planet or satellite.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.41YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two additional forcing included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20^th century has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Albedo is the extent or area to which an object diffusely reflects light from the sun, or it is the ratio of light reflected by a planet or satellite.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.41YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two additional forcing included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20^th century has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Albedo is the extent or area to which an object diffusely reflects light from the sun, or it is the ratio of light reflected by a planet or satellite.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.41YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two additional forcing included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20^th century has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Albedo is the extent or area to which an object diffusely reflects light from the sun, or it is the ratio of light reflected by a planet or satellite.

Answer 6

Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.41YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Answer 7

Chapter 4.10, Problem 4.41YT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The forcing included in the models that only included in natural forcing has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two additional forcing included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20^th century has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Albedo is the extent or area to which an object diffusely reflects light from the sun, or it is the ratio of light reflected by a planet or satellite.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two additional forcing included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20^th century has to be named.

Concept introduction:

• Greenhouse effect: The heat near the earth surface gets trapped by the gases present in the earth atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is the primary gas that traps more heat.

• Climate change is the long term changes in temperature and precipitation in any specific area in the earth. Climate changes will occurs through natural ways and also in anthropogenic ways.

Radiative forcing is the change in the net radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere, whether due to a change in the net incoming solar radiation, or a change in the emission of infrared radiation. It will perturb the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, and the Earth’s climate adjusts to restore the balance.

There are two types of radiative forcing,

• Positive radiative forcing – Acts to warm the surface.

• Negative radiative forcing – Acts to cool the surface.

Albedo is the extent or area to which an object diffusely reflects light from the sun, or it is the ratio of light reflected by a planet or satellite.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Solution Summary: The author explains the two types of radiative forcing that are included in the models that more accurately re-create the temperatures of the 20 th century.

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