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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Lewis electron-dot symbols that show the formation of beryllium oxide from the atoms have to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Lewis electron-dot symbols can be used to predict the number of bonds formed by most elements in their compounds. Lewis electron-dot symbol consists of the chemical symbol for an element surrounded by dots that represent its valence electrons.
Some features of the Lewis electron-dot symbol are as follows:
1. It is the representation of valence electrons.
2. It allows to keep track of valence electrons during bond formation.
3. It consists of the chemical symbol for the element and a dot for each valence electron.
The steps to write Lewis electron-dot symbol are as follows:
Step1: In this step, the dots that represent its valence electrons are placed one at a time, around the element’s chemical symbol. The first four dots are placed above, below, to the left, and to the right of the symbol. So, those elements with four or fewer valence electrons have one dot in each position.
Step 2: The dots for elements with more than four valence electrons are again placed one by one. The first four valence electrons are paired one by one.
(b)
Interpretation:
Lewis electron-dot symbols that show the formation of yttrium oxide from the atoms have to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- An elemental analysis of a hydrocarbon, which contains only carbon and hydrogen, shows the mass%: element mass% carbon 92.26 hydrogen 7.743 (A) * Determine the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon. (B) The compound has a molar mass of 26.04 g/mol. Determine its molecular formula. (C, Draw the Lewis structure of the molecular compound. Count the total number of sigma bonds and pi bonds each, present in the molecule. (D, What is the hybridization of carbon in the molecule? Explain.arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures for the following, and include resonance structures where appropriate. Indicate which has the strongest carbon-oxygen bond.(a) CO2(b) COarrow_forwardDraw Lewis diagrams for the following ions. In the formula the symbol of the central atom is given first. (Hint:The valence octet may be expanded for the central atom.)(a) BrO4 - (b) PCl6 - (c) XeF6+arrow_forward
- Draw Lewis structures for each of the following compounds. In each case, specify the number of valence electrons surrounding the central atom. (Assign lone pairs and radical electrons where appropriate.) (Assume the central atom does not contain an expanded octet.) (a) bromine dioxide (BrO2) (b) beryllium bromide (BeBr2) (c) phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5)arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures for the following molecules and ion. (c) H2O2 (a) NCl3 (b) OCS (d) HCOO−arrow_forward(a) -x- (b) Identify the main group that the element X belongs to in each of the following Lewis structures. For the types of molecule shown. -x-öarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are true regarding an ionic bond between cobalt and sulfur in a CoS formula unit? (a) Cobalt ions and sulfide ions bond by electrostatic attraction. (b) Cobalt atoms gain electrons and sulfur atoms lose electrons. (c) The ionic radius of a cobalt ion is greater than its atomic radius. (d) Breaking an ionic bond between cobalt and sulfur requires energy.arrow_forwardClassify the bond formed between each pair of atoms as covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.(a) Sr and F (b) N and Cl (c) N and Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following elements does not follow the octet rule? (a) sodium (b) helium (c) krypton (d) carbon (e) sulfurarrow_forward
- (a) State the octet rule. (b) Does the octet rule apply to ionic as well as to covalent compounds? Explain, using examples as appropriatearrow_forwardFor each of the following atoms or molecules, identify the most likely type of bonding that occurs between the atoms or between the molecules. Choose from the following list: ionic, covalent, van der Waals, hydrogen. (a) atoms of krypton (b) potassium and chlorine atoms (c) hydrogen fluoride (HF) molecules (d) chlorine and oxygen atoms in a hypochlorite ion (ClO-)arrow_forwardShow how each chemical change obeys the octet rule. (a) Hydrogen forms H2 (hydride ion)arrow_forward
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