RNA

You know what DNA is right? The genetic code or blueprints of your being. Well do you know what RNA is? It’s not that well known but very important. Now let’s learn about the two subjects. DNA or other known as deoxyribonucleic acid is, as said before, your genetic code. It tells your body what to do and how to do it, how you should look, really just the blueprints for you it determines everything about you. Now DNA is microscopic, it’s in your body's cells, every single one. It’s double stranded

information within cells. It states that DNA is transcribed into RNA with the help of an RNA polymerase enzyme. The RNA is then translated into a protein by protein synthesis. One thing that could drastically alter the genetic information within cells is a process called gene silencing. This process regulates the gene expression of certain genes and can occur in either transcription or translation. The process has been coined RNA interference and dsRNA gene silencing (Davidson and McCray Jr. 2011)

Rabies : The Virus and Its Mechanisms Rabies is an infectious disease that has been around the world since the time of Columbus and his first trip to the New World. Back then, it was characterized as the “mad dog” disease and only few would survive it. Those who survived, it was said, were due to miracles. Rabies is a disease that attacks and infiltrates the nervous system and ultimately attacks the brain of its host, leading to neuronal dysfunctions. Throughout the years, scientists have studied

1) Describe the structural domains and mechanism of action of ribozymes. How can ribozymes be useful as therapeutic agents? (10 points) RNA molecules that act as enzymes are called ribozymes. They are capable of catalyzing the cleavage of their own RNA or other RNA substrates (Missailidis, 2008). Ribozymes are involved in viroid replication, RNA splicing and protein synthesis. (Clark & Russel, 2005) The structure of ribozymes consist of a catalytic domain and a substrate binding domain. (Ebrahimian

cells, contained DNA. In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty concluded that DNA was the basic genetic component of chromosomes. Later, RNA would be proven to regulate protein synthesis. (Miller, 139) DNA is the genetic material found in most viruses and in all cellular organisms. Some viruses do not have DNA, but contain RNA instead. Depending on the organism, most DNA is found within a single chromosome like bacteria, or in several chromosomes like most other living things. (Heath

RNA self-replicates by the ribozymes, which provide catalytic reactions on their own nucleotides. Ribozymes can speed up a reaction and the short RNA sequences are eventually connected due to the ribozyme speeding up the reaction. The short sequences of RNA go with the ribozyme. The ribozyme speeds up the entire polymerization of the sequences. The short sequences become one long strand of RNA. The nucleic acid replication evolved by the ribozymes

variation as well. In an earlier paper I have covered Eukaryotes to some degree and now we delve into the Prokaryotic domain. In this paper I will discuss the distinctions between the Archaea and Bacteria domains, give a definition of both DNA and RNA (and the roles they play in determining the previous domains), metabolism’s role in classifying Nitrosococcus oceani and Nitrosopumilus maritimus as Archaea or Bacteria, and each of the organism 's ability to thrive in an environment where crude oil

part in creating life. How did replicators lead to the first cell though? If replicators are meant to replicate and reproduce how did they end up making a living organism? The first cell is presumed to have arisen by the enclosure of self-replicating RNA in a membrane composed of phospholipids which are the principal components of cell membranes. The process of replication lead to the first cell which is called LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor). Many scientist believe that all living things on earth

DNA is the genetic material of cells and the production of RNA and/or proteins from the information stored in DNA is called gene expression. There are two steps in gene expression, transcription and translation. Transcription starts off inside the cell, specifically where DNA resides, in the nucleus. The process of transcription is then executed by the enzyme, RNA polymerase which then makes mRNA. Here is a summary of the steps; First the RNA polymerase binds to the DNA strand at a specific nucleotide

into the CRISPR array. The inserted DNA, known as a spacer, is transcribed from CRISPR loci and translated into short CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). The crRNA, also known as a guide RNA (gRNA), forms a complex with Cas9. This RNA-Cas9 complex scans for invading DNA materials complementary to the gRNA and cleaves it by Cas9, a protein encoded by CRISPR loci. Cas9 consists of an RNA binding domain, nuclease lobe for DNA cleavage, and protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) interacting sites recognizing the