Banting Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

Insulin for diabetes was discovered in 1921 at the University of Toronto by Sir Frederick G. Banting, Charles H. Best, and JJR Macleod. James B. Collip subsequently purified it, and one year later on January 11, it was put to use on a young 14 year old boy named Leonard Thompson; a patient at Toronto General Hospital. Once the substance was delivered, it was found that the extract was so pure that he suffered an allergic reaction, and further injections were cancelled. James Collip worked for the next 12 days on improving the ox-pancreas extract, and the second dose given to Thompson on January 23 was completely successful. Prior to this, a type 1 diabetic would be put on a starvation diet, or be limited to a calorie intake of around 450 calories per day, and would only live a few extra months. Leonard Thompson lived another 14 years, until 1935 when he died of pneumonia at the age of 28.

In 1921, scientist, Frederick Banting, and his lab assistant, Charles Best, found insulin in the pancreatic extracts of dogs. They injected the insulin into a dog and discovered that it lowered high blood sugar levels back to normal. With the aid of James Collip and J.J.R. Macleod, the scientists developed insulin for human treatment. In 1922, Leonard Thompson, a fourteen-year-old boy dying of diabetes, was injected with the first human dose of insulin, saving his life

     Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by inadequate insulin secretion by the pancreas or cellular destruction leading to an insulin deficiency. Depending on the cause of the insulin shortage, diabetes can be subcategorized into type I and type II. Type I diabetes (T1DM) is usually mediated by the destruction of b-cells in the pancreas resulting in decreased insulin production and secretion. Type II diabetes (T2DM) is the failure of these b-cells to secrete adequate amounts of insulin to compensate for insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis combined with an overall resistance to the insulin action (8., 1997). T2DM accounts

The development of insulin saved many lives throughout the 1920’s. Insulin allows your body to turn blood sugar into energy, and diabetes patients don’t have an important hormone called insulin. In fact, thousands of people had this issue. In the 1900’s, the only treatments for diabetes were starvation diets and very strict exercise program. Dr. Frederick Bating, the inventor of insulin, had spent a lot of his time studying the disease of diabetes. He thought if he could isolate insulin in animals, it would be possible to use it to treat people with diabetes. Later on his theory proved to be correct. Dr. Frederick Banting needed a lab to test his theory and work on it so he could have insulin mass produced and treat the disease of diabetes.

regulate glucose levels had artificially been altered (“The Discovery of Insulin”). The results were groundbreaking and the diabetic dogs responded well to the injections, marking a major step forward in diabetes research (“The Discovery of Insulin”). Through the help of Professor John Macleod of the University of Toronto, they were able to continue their research (“The Discovery of Insulin”). Finally, in January of 1922, testing Dr. Banting’s developments in diabetes treatment on human beings had finally been completed and the results led to the ultimate development of the insulin treatment that is still used to this day (Simoni, Hill and Vaughan 31).

Banting, in a letter to Albert Gooderham, a chairman of the Insulin Committee during the 1922 dispute between Banting, Best and Macleod on who discovered insulin, stated that Collip was the soul person to solve this problem. “Dr. Collip, stated Banting “...announced that he had developed a process by which he could obtain an extract which contained no protein and no lipase.” This is significant because Banting’s work and fame was carried out by other scientists, like James Collip. He was not the soul founding father of insulin, he was just part of a greater scheme of things that were being deduced in the 19th and 20th century that were vital in finding and isolating insulin. He had fix his problem by relying on someone who knew how to extract things better than him.

When he survived the doctors had enough proof that it worked and could be used on diabetic patients all over the world. "With the relief of the symptoms of his disease, and with the increased strength and vigor resulting from the increased diet, the pessimistic, melancholy diabetic becomes optimistic and cheerful. Insulin is not a cure for diabetes; it is a treatment." (Sir Frederick Banting, Nobel Prize Lecture, 1923). There discovery of insulin helped change the world forever by finally finding the treated for a "disease with a previous mortality rate of 30% "(www.dww.com 2011). Frederick Banting was a man who focused on using the knowledge he possessed to help the health and safety of others.

Collips was able to purify Banting and Bests crude extract of insulin. By the 11th of January of the year 1922, a fourteen year old boy named Leonard Thompson, received the first pure extract of insulin. He was weeks away from death when he received the treatment. However, the first administration of the extract failed. A few days later, on the 23rd of January, they administered the extract again and this time it was a success! At this time, only a few patients were able to receive the insulin treatment because it could not be mass produced yet. In 1923, both Banting and Macleod were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine because of their discovery. (Turner, Novo Story of Insulin - Part 2, n.d.)

This article discusses the topic of medicine and explains how insulin was discovered. Michael Bliss illustrates early on in the process of discovering insulin researchers kept hoping that by injecting people with a portion of pancreas they could cause an improvement in diabetes. In the summer of 1921 Banting and Best experiment “isletin” now known as insulin, was successful, however, James Collip PH.D in biochemistry had purified insulin allowing it to be more consistent and effective. This article is from The Canadian Encyclopedia, which is a credible source because it is professionally edit and fact-checked. The author Michael Bliss also has a PH.D from the University of Toronto and provides factual content that is extremely unbiased. This

In the year 1891, on the 14th of November Frederick Banting was brought onto this world in a town 60 kilometres north of Toronto called Alliston. He was the last born of five other siblings and lived in a middle class family. Frederick Banting was an average student and had a hard time in completion of high school. He decided to study arts, however he failed. Banting always dreamt of becoming a doctor and in September 1912, the University of Toronto's Faculty of Medicine, accepted him as a student (Nobelprize.org the official web site of Nobel Prize). Banting took a strong liking to the disease known as Diabetes. His studies and research, led him to understand that insulin has control over the metabolism of sugar in the blood (Nobelprize.org the official web site of Nobel Prize). On the night of October, 31, 1920, Banting got an idea from a medical journal. He believes that if you could extract the secretion made by the pancreas, then you can further understand and advance in the treatment of diabetes ((Library and Archives Canada). Banting made the decision of moving to the University of Toronto to reveal and discuss his idea with J.J.R. Macleod. Macleod provided an opportunity for Banting and Charles Best (his assistant), to start the work on May, 17, 1921 (Library and Archives Canada). Good timing and luck were the main factors which led the Torontonian researches to announce their discovery first. This is due to the fact that many scientists in Germany and Hungary would

Besides monitoring blood sugar and possible medication routes, most treatment options are better explained as lifestyle and habit changes. The treatment options are blood sugar monitoring; change in diet to a healthier alternative; exercising on a day-to-day basis, and in some cases, diabetes medication or insulin therapy. (Mayo Clinic). By following this “round-the-clock commitment,” patients can decrease their possibility of complications, but will never completely rid themselves of this condition (Mayo Clinic). In some cases, individuals have done what they can to manage the condition—by losing the weight, establishing good exercise habits, and monitoring themselves. This may result in the need for diabetes medication to disappear. However, the individuals must maintain that lifestyle, in order to help prevent them from needed medications (The Telegraph). This being said with treatment the outcome for Diabetes Mellitus Type II is rarely a complete cure, but this condition is manageable and sometimes

Diabetes is an insidious as well as a debilitating metabolic disease with variety of causes. (Bolajoko Idiat Ogunyinka ) Diabetes comes in two forms, type one and type two. Both types are manageable with different types of treatments and lifestyle changes. Many people live for years undiagnosed. “Diabetes remains the 7th leading cause of death in the United States in 2010.” (National Diabetes Statistics) Unfortunately, a cure for diabetes remains undiscovered.

Toronto, Canada-Early this morning, Dr. Frederick Banting and his assistant Charles Best, a young medical student at the University of Toronto discovered a potential breakthrough treatment for diabetes called Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas to reduce blood sugar in diabetic patients.

It is a control substance that allows people to live their lives without fear of developing hypoglycemia or any other debilitating symptoms that diabetes produces. As Christopher J. Rutty stated in his article “If insulin were a cure, diabetics would certainly have been willing to pay almost anything to get it. However, as something diabetics “couldn’t live without” for the rest of their lives…” This passage is significant because insulin was and still is not really a miracle discovery, so after all Banting’s discovery in this case is very controversial. If Banting truly wanted to cure diabetes he would have made the solution something that diabetics did not have to inject every single day. It is a significant discovery, but not one that solves the issue entirely. It is a medication that one has to take every day in order to live a fulfilling life style and to take it every day is a burden on the body and not an easy solution as well. Therefore, this was and still is the main issue that insulin had back then and