Limiting Reagent Research

If the step for digesting the precipitate were omitted, the reported “percent limiting reactant” in the salt mixture will be too low. The purpose of digesting the precipitate is to make the filtering process more efficient. If this were to be omitted, the amount of product that is filtered would be decreased. If the product from the filtering process was decreased, then there will also be a decrease in the amount of the limiting reactant.

In this design report, the the calculations needed to create precisely two grams of precipitate from a reaction has been determined. 4 grams of water was added to the 2.94 grams of Calcium Chloride, and 10 grams of water was added to the 2.12 grams of Sodium Carbonate in an attempt to create two grams of precipitate. The final mass of the Calcium Chloride and Sodium Carbonate was 2.037 grams, resulting in a percent error of 1.85%.

Statement of Inquiry: What is the effect of changing a factor on the rate of chemical reaction?

When the concentrations were changed so did the rate of reaction. When the concentration was changed to 0.265M the rate of reaction dropped by a factor of 0.5 (50%) below the control value. Furthermore when 60mL of water was added to the bleach dropping the concentration too 0.132M the rate dropped by a factor of 0.7 (70%).

The purpose of this experiment was to identity, analyze and synthesize an unknown white compound. The identity of the unknown compound was determined by a flame and ion test to identify the cation and anion present in the compound. To confirm the identity, an ammonium test and conductivity test was conducted. After, the unknown compound, which was identified as Calcium(II)Nitrate, was synthesized in an acid-base reaction between Nitric Acid and Calcium Carbonate. The increments used were done so in order to obtain a theoretical yield of 1.0 gram of Ca(NO3)2.

To determine what factors influence the rate of a chemical reaction and to make predictions based on these

After the calculations were complete the correct amounts of the reactants had to be obtained. 75-100 ml of water was added to the 3 grams of Ca(CO3). Then the 30 ml of H2(SO4) was added slowly to the Ca(CO3) solution. 20ml more of water was added then the reactants sat for five minutes. Once they sat for five minutes, the precipitate was filtered through filter paper. After the precipitate had time to dry,it was weighed.

Stoichiometry involves converting chemical formulas and equations that represent individual atoms, molecules, and formula units to the laboratory scale that uses milligrams, grams, and kilograms, of these substances (1). A limiting reactant is the reactant in a reaction that has been completely consumed. It is referred to as a limiting reactant because it limits the degree to which the experiment can happen. In a chemical reaction, it is common to use an excess of one reagent to ensure that the limiting reactant is transmitted out to the end. In order to figure out the yield of a reaction one must find out the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the one that will dictate or limit the maximum amount of product that can be produced within the reaction this is also known as the theoretical yield. In order to determine whether or not the experiment was successful one must obtain the percent yield. This can be found by using a ratio between the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield, this number is then

A chemical reaction is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms are redistributed, resulting in a change in the molecular composition of substances. The reaction rate is how quickly a reaction occurs and this can be affected by four different factors:

A precipitate is formed when two soluble salts react in solution. The product is then one or more insoluble products. In a precipitate you can see a solid that has separated from the aqueous solution. An example of a precipitate is when AgNO3 (Silver Nitrate) and NaCl (sodium Chloride) is mixed. An insoluble compound is formed.

A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. (Britannica). It is through this redistribution of atoms that chemical reactions occur in many aspects of life on earth. These reactions occur both in the geology of the earth and in the burning of fuels.

A limited reactant is the first chemical in a chemical reaction to be used up completely. This reactant usually dictates how much of the product can be formed, or the smallest amount of the product that can be formed. To find the limiting reactant, one has to calculate how much of each reactant can produce the product. The reactant with the smallest number is the limiting reactant. Usually when one reactant is completely used up, some of the other reactant is left over, this is called the excess reactant.

Lab Experiment 4 was an experiment where we determined whether two double-exchange reactions that we performed would be a precipitation reaction, then we had to identify the precipitates formed if any . Precipitation reactions are double-exchange reactions that combine two reactants that are both soluble, or aqueous to produce an aqueous solution and an insoluble solid, aka the precipitate. To figure out whether a solution is soluble we have a set of rules that we must follow, which are: the solution must contain an alkali metal, or sodium, potassium, ammonium, and nitrate. Though, if the two aqueous reactants form two aqueous solutions than no reaction was made. Our group had to perform two reactions, which were: Na2SO4(aq)+LiCl(aq), and NaOH(aq)+ZnSO4

The objective of this experiment was to discover how the concentration of hydrochloric acid affected the rate of reaction in a reaction with calcium carbonate. It was deduced through the experiment that an increase of concentration principally results in a greater rate of reaction. This can be justified through each data point increasing from the previous value, aside from the anomaly when the concentration was at 2 M. The correlation between the two variables was positive. The correlation was not as strong as expected due to the point while the concentration was at 2 M being well off the trend of the data.

The objective of this experiment was to prepare sodium chloride. When the sodium bicarbonate and 10% hydrochloric acid were combined, a fizzing sound and numerous bubbles occurred. This continued until about seventy drops of hydrochloric acid was added to the beaker containing sodium bicarbonate which then a clear liquid was produced. This reaction created sodium chloride which was found by heating the beaker, evaporating everything besides the HCl. As the evaporation took place, condensation occurred on the inside and steam rose from the beaker. The leftover sodium chloride was colorless and looked like small, salt like crystals.