CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
In doing the research, the methodology must be appropriate so that the analysis findings could reach the objective. Research methodology proposed one procedure in order way to be follow to answer all the questions in the research that want to be made. Quoted by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), methodology is a process that related with research objective and data. In the others word, it is early research planning that include the research scope, data collection method, data collection process and data analysis method. For Ranjit (2005), methodology is one of crucial part in research, in order to ensure the research can be done in the systematic way Overall, this chapter will discuss on the research frame and the methodologies used in order to meet the research objectives. Research process been divided into three main parts there are preliminary research part, data collection and last one data analysis.
Research Methodologies
Research methodology is a way how the research is conducted step by step and in order. There are two methods used for data collection which is the primary data and secondary data. These data can be obtained and used many ways. The data is taken and analyzed in advance to produce a result that we can use for research and future reference. This study will relate to the objective we want to achieve and finding the answer to every objective we seek. In order to successfully achieve the objectives we seek, we must know
The quantitative research design was used for this research. According to Vogt, W. P. (2005), quantitative research emphasizes the measurement and analysis of causal relationships between variables, not processes. Aliaga and Gunderson (2005) defines quantitative research as ‘Explaining a phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematics based methods’ this approach
The categories used to organize research were the questioning, data design, data collection, and data analyzing method. These methods all oblige one another to help express and develop the knowledge of this analysis. The question method is used towards the content o f research and whether or not the purpose of the research is clear. The data design and data collection methods assist with the structure and information process of the research. The previous two methods guide the data analysis method which breaks down the exploration of the research for this paper. These established methods serves as a n effective advantage in forming research no matter the case, argument, or
Research methodology is a way to systematic solve the research problem.it is a procedure, which is followed step by step to solve a particular research problem. There are basically four types of researches
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also the methodology (Kothari, 2004).This chapter discusses the research methodologies and generate relationship among the objectives of this research and the strategies of the study.
What is research method? As a matter of fact, according to Saundra et al. (2003), the term method in the entire research process or project can be considered as tool or technique which help researcher obtain, collect and analyze data or different types of information. To be more specific, Saundra et al. (2003) point out that in order to fulfill different research projects and objectives, couples of methods have to be properly utilized, in this case, these approaches usually include questionnaire, observation and interviews. What is the nature of research? Saundra et al. (2003) argued that the genuine research should be defined as a project that the outcomes or objectives can be obtained and
Methodology refers to a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity. It is not a formula but a set of practices which can be used to conduct a research approach, research method, questionnaire design, sample size, primary research, secondary data, and others. For the purpose of doing methodology and explain about the research flow and also the lastly most important things which is to showed the capability of the research flows.
Research methods are procedures for research that informs not only the techniques chosen for the data collection, but also informs the selection of data analysis techniques in order to deal with research questions or hypotheses. It can be distinguished as three types: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Qualitative research is a method of investigation for exploring and in-depth understanding the behaviour and process within individuals or groups and the cause of those of behaviour and process. Qualitative data is typically collected directly from the people in which data analysis is built based on an impression from particulars to general themes. Hence, researcher make interpretations of the meaning of the data with some influences from personal background, subjectivity and experiences. In contrast, a quantitative research method is based on previously defined epistemological stance based on empiricism knowledge creation. Thus, it investigates to test the hypothesis and theories by examining the relationship among variables and measurement the analytical outcomes of variables. In between qualitative and quantitative methods, mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative methods, techniques or data (Rao and Woolcock, 2004; Creswell, 2009).The research methods should be designed based on research questions and issues being addressed, epistemological assumptions of study and specific techniques of
For every research project that is carried in order to develop, refine and advance the factors relating to the research is followed by a set of research methodology that help reach the objectives in a systematic way. Depending on the nature of the researches the methodology is selected respectively. There are different types of research methods as follows: Quantitative approach and Qualitative
What is the difference between direct and indirect observational methods of research? Direct observation is when researchers observe the behavior while it is occurring. Indirect (unobtrusive) observation is when researchers examine physical traces and archival records. (Zechmeister, Zechmeister, & Shaughnessy 2001) Direct observation of behavior can be seen in simply psychology: question and answer, as well as simple observation of a person’s daily activities. The researcher can choose to change the atmosphere, or change the study to intervene and observe the changes, while indirect observations main goal is to be unseen and non-influential on the behavior that is being observed as to take
Methodology of research indicates the general pattern for organizing the procedure for the empirical study together with the method of obtaining valid and reliable data for problem under investigation.70
Methodology of a study according to intellectuals is the general account of a study activity (Clarke R.J. 2005). That is a method will define or stipulate the several means to be used during the course of the research, the study model to be used in a research development and research strategy that is the scheme applied in gathering the research facts, sampling means, notions to be used, down to the information enquiry tactic (Clarke R.J. 2005, P: 34). Once more, strategy is '...the route in which an analyst behaviours research.
The selection of ineffective research approach can be considered as a limitation of the methodology. If the researcher cannot maintain time plan to conduct the research then it may hamper the role of appropriate research methodology. The lack of resources is also some problems to apply proper methodology in this research. The experience of the researcher is not satisfactory to conduct this research, which may affect on the research outcome negatively.
Saunders et al. (2007, p. 610) defined research as "the systematic collection and interpretation of information with a clear purpose, to find things out". The key issue when choosing a correct research methodology approach to examine and explore a particular research problem is the suitability of the selected method to accomplish and address the research objectives. Quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed research methodologies are the main methodological approaches used in most academic research. Each approach has its advantages and limitations
Research methods (RM) are a critical concept in the research process. It requires that the researchers be cognizant of how data will be analyze, assess, and applied in a study. Moreover, the strength of statistical, internal, construct and external validity are grounded in RM. The framing of good research questions aid in the selection of the proper design for a study, which leads to the adoption of the preeminent methodology for data collection. Hence, research methods include qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods and are derived from a distinct philosophical worldview. Therefore, section one of this paper analyzes two articles via a quantitative strategy. Section two employs this same strategy as it relates to constructs of
Research is important both in scientific and nonscientific fields. In our life new problems, events, phenomena and processes occur every day. Practically implementable solutions and suggestions are required for tackling new problems that arise. Scientists have to undertake research on them and find their causes, solutions, explanations and applications. Precisely, research assists us to understand nature