Concept explainers
(a)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for pyridine.
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for pyridine is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
(b)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for pyrrolidine.
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for pyrrolidine is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
(c)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for furan.
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for furan is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
(d)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
(e)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound.
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
(f)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound.
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
(g)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound.
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
(h)
To draw: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound.
Interpretation: The complete Lewis structure for the given compound is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- [Review Topics] [References] Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. H3C -C=N=O a H₂C-C=N a b C Submit Answer C The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is Retry Entire Group 1 more group attempt remaining Varrow_forwardFollowing the rule that each atom of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen reacts to achieve a complete outer shell of eight valence electrons, add unshared pairs of electrons as necessary to complete the valence shell of each atom in these ions. Then assign formal charges as appropriate.arrow_forward16. Which of the following structures is the CORRECT resonance structure of the following. molecule: (A) (B) (C) (D) CH3- CH₂ CH3 -H CH₂CH3 CH₂CH-CH₂ CH3 CH3arrow_forward
- Complete the following Lewis structure by adding in missing lone pairs and pi bonds. Assume all atoms are neutral (having no formal charge). Do not add additional atoms to the structure.arrow_forwardNow write the condensed formulas for the following bond-line structures.arrow_forwardADVANCED MATERIAL Interpreting condensed chemical structures Use this condensed chemical structure to complete the table below. CH,= CH- CH= CH, The condensed chemical structure of 1,3-butadiene Some facts about the 1,3-butadiene molecule: number of carbon-carbon single (C - C) bonds: number of carbon-hydrogen single (C - H) bonds: number of carbon-carbon double (C = C) bonds: te Roserved.arrow_forward
- Provide a reasonable Lewis structure below each molecular formula. Please note that you must indicate the proper number of lone pairs AlCl3 H3CCH(OH)CH2CO2H H3CCNOarrow_forwardWrite the resonance structure for each of the following compounds. Which resonance structure contributes most to the hybrid? Explain your choice. Be sure write the formal charges where appropriatearrow_forwardUnshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. The number of unshared pairs at atom a is © The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is 0. 0 e The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is e.arrow_forward
- Ethanol, , is a compound in which the formal charge on all the atoms is zero. Under certain conditions the bond can be broken so that both electrons remain with the oxygen atom. The products are In this structure the oxygen owns one electron from shared pair and two electrons from each of unshared pairs. The total number of electrons belonging to oxygen is Oxygen is a Group element. The formal charge on the oxygen atom is . The correct Lewis structure for the ethoxide ion is Note that the other fragment, the proton, leaves with a formal charge of +1.arrow_forwardThe carbon atom owns one electron from each of shared pairs and two electrons from unshared pair. The number of electrons that belong to carbon is . Carbon is a Group element. Since the carbon atom has one more electron than it would in the neutral, unbonded state, it has a formal charge of –1 . The Lewis structure for the methyl anion is The lithium fragment must have a formal charge ofarrow_forwardUsing all the information provided come up with the structure of the compoundarrow_forward
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