Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 8TYK
Which of the following statements about cell cycle regulators is incorrect?
a. The concentrations of cyclins change throughout the cell cycle.
b. Cyclins are present in all stages of the cell cycle except S.
c. Cyclin-Cdk complexes phosphorylate target proteins.
d. Cdks combine with cyclin to move the cycle into mitosis.
e. During anaphase of mitosis, cyclin is degraded, allowing mitosis to end.
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Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is TRUE?
a. The protein APC blocks cells from entering anaphase
b. CDKs are degraded after each cell cycle phase by the addition of a ubiquitin chain to the proteins
c. A kinase is a protein that adds a ubiquitin chain to other proteins Cyclin activity is necessary, but not always sufficient, for CDK activation
d. Cyclin proteins must be degraded before Cdk proteins can be activated
Cell cycle regulation is important to ensure that
a. non-dividing cells enter the G0 stage.
b. dividing cells produce normal and viable daughter cells.
c. the stages in both interphase and M phase are strictly followed.
d. materials for cell division are complete and properly distributed.
Which of the following complexes contributes to the transcription of cyclin E?
a. Cdk1/cyclin A
b. Cdk2/cyclin B
c. Cdk3/cyclin C
d. Cdk4/cyclin D
Which of the following statements is a lie?Select one:
a. If damaged DNA is detected during the cell cycle, negative regulation is responsible in stopping the cell cycle.
b. There are four cyclin proteins involved in the positive regulation of the cell cycle and they have fluctuating levels.
c. To activate cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), they must bind to another kinase.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - What are the three interrelated systems that...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 10.1 - Prob. 4SBCh. 10.2 - Compare the chromosome content of daughter cells...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 10.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 10.3 - How does spindle formation differ in animals and...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 10.4 - Prob. 1SB
Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 10.4 - What is an oncogene? How might an oncogene affect...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 4SBCh. 10.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 10.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 10 - During the cell cycle, the DNA mass of a cell:...Ch. 10 - A tumor suppressor protein, p21, inhibits Cdk1....Ch. 10 - A major difference between hereditary information...Ch. 10 - The major microtubule organizing center of the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 10 - Which of the following statements about mitosis is...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 10 - Which of the following statements about cell cycle...Ch. 10 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 10 - Which of the following does not accurately...Ch. 10 - In bacteria: a. several chromosomes undergo...Ch. 10 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 10 - Discuss Concepts A cell has 38 chromosomes. After...Ch. 10 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 10 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 10 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking The genes and proteins...Ch. 10 - Biologists have long been interested in the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2ITD
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- When regulating the cell cycle of eukaryotic cells, a critical protein we discussed was cyclin. Cyclin is Select one: a. Always present in all stages of the cell cycle, but only active during the G1 - R transition b. Produced in response to signals for the cell to divide c. Produced only when retinoblastoma protein is inactivated d. Produced in response to the presence of cyclin-dependent kinasearrow_forwardPassage of cells from G1 through R to S depends on the interaction of various signal molecules, proteins and enzymes which regulate the cell cycle. Imagine I have just induced a mutation in a cell line which prevents the breakdown of the cyclin molecule we discussed. Which of the following events do you predict will happen? circle all that apply Select one or more: a. Uncontrolled cell replication may result b. Retinoblastoma protein will be continuously active c. The cells will be stuck in G1 phase d. The cells will begin to replicate their DNA e. Cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) will be continuously activearrow_forwardCyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulate progression through the cell cycle. Which of the following determines progression beyond the restriction point in G1? Select one: a. The presence of cyclin and Cdk. O b. The presence of cyclin. c. Phosphorylation of RB by Cdk. d. The presence of external signals from growth factors. e. The absence of cyclin.arrow_forward
- Progression through the cell cycle is dependent on both extra- and intracellular conditions. Consider the following conditions. Indicate which checkpoint (s) responds to that condition.a. The cell is large enough to divide.b. The DNA is completely copied during S phase.c. The cell is receiving positive cues from neighbors.d. The DNA is damaged.e. The cell has enough energy reserves to divide.f. Are all the sister chromatids correctly attached to spindle microtubules?arrow_forwardMaturation promoting factor, MPF, is a cyclin-CDK complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of other proteins to start mitosis. The activity level of MPF is dependent on the relative concentrations of the cyclin and CDK components of MPF (Figure 1). Based on Figure 1, which of the following describes the role of cyclin in the regulation of the cell cycle? a.During S phase, the cyclin level remains the same because DNA replication is occurring. b.During G2 phase, the cyclin level remains low, causing MPF activity to decrease, which leads cells to initiate mitosis. c.During G1 phase, the cyclin level decreases to signal the start of the resting phase of the cell cycle. d.During M phase, the cyclin level peaks, resulting in an increased binding frequency with CDK.arrow_forwardThe following figure shows how the activities (y-axis) of Cdk-Cyclin B complex and the APC complex change through the cell cycle. Active Cdk1-Cyclin Inactive Cdk1-Cyclin Active APC A B A B time A. When would mitosis and interphase occur on the x-axis? A or B, which is A & which is B B. Does the concentration of cdk1 change during the cell cycle? Explain briefly the increase in activity observed C. Provide one feedback that would a change in Cdk-Cyclin B complex activity. Explain brieflyarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the primary method by which cyclin proteins are regulated to influence entry into the cell cycle or transition from one stage to the next? A. Transcriptional upregulation and translation followed by targeted ubiquitin-mediated degradation by a proteasome. B. Phosphorylation to regulate the activity of the kinase site. C. An activating phosphorylation and an inactivating phosphorylation. D. All of these are mechanisms that can be used to regulate cyclins.arrow_forwardResearchers studying cell cycle regulation in budding yeast have observed that a mutation in the CDC15 gene causes cell cycle arrest in telophase when the yeast cells are incubated at an elevated temperature. Which of the following statements best predicts the effect of the cell cycle arrest on proliferating yeast cells? A. Restate the question and record the right answer. B. Why is this the correct answer?arrow_forwardWhat celluar events/processes are associated with G1,S,G2,and M phases of the cell cycle? With the phases of mitosis? Some example: A. DNA replication B. Beginning of mitosis C. Normal cell growth and function D. Breaksdown of nuclear membrane E.Separation of sister chromatids F.Alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell H.Triggering the compaction and condensation of chromosomes I. Attachment of microtubles to kinetochoresarrow_forward
- BPA is a chemical compound that has historically been used in the manufacture of plastic products. However, cells often mistake BPA molecules for hormones that accelerate the cell cycle. Because of this, BPA is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers.a. How might BPA interact with the cell cycle and its checkpoints?b. Why do you think that very small concentrations of BPA might have a large effect on a cell?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE? A. Centrosomes are anchor points for microtubules and are essential to form the mitotic spindle. B. In the eukaryotic cell cycle the cell spends much more time in the interphase than in the mitotic phase. C. In telophase two nuclear envelopes are fully formed and the cell splits in two via cytokinesis. D. The contraction of the kinetochore microtubules leads to the separation of the sister chromatids during anaphase. E. In the prophase chromatin condenses into X-shaped chromosomes.arrow_forward"Agent V" is the name of an anticancer (chemotherapy) drug. This drug works against cancer cells by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in sensitive cells. Consider a cell that is sensitive to agent V (in other words, agent V is effective at stopping growth of this cell). Based on this information, agent V would cause the cell to be frozen at which of the major cell cycle checkpoints (G1, G2 or M checkpoint)? Explain your answer in 2- 4 sentences.arrow_forward
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