Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason why the organisms that are phenotypically alike have a tendency to produce different ratios of progeny
Introduction:
A test cross is used to determine the phenotypes of the parents. It is done by crossing the parent plant with a plant having the recessive genotype. If the ratio of the dominant to recessive genotype in the progeny is
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Find the probability that the offspring is AA. Find the probability that the offspring is aa. What is the probability that the offspring of a heterozygous parent is homozygous? What is the probability that the offspring of a heterozygous parent is heterozygous? How does this compare with the result in the absence of mutation?
If an allotetraploid species is made up of two ancestral genomes, A and B, with each of them having a basic chromosome number of seven. The resistance to the pathogen attacking the foliage of plants is controlled by a dominant allele located at the F locus. The recessive alleles F^a and F^b show sensitivity to the pathogen. Plants with at least on F^A allele are resistant to the pathotype 1 and 2 (regardless of the genotype in B genome), and plants with at least one F^B allele are resistant to pathotypes 1 and 3 (regardless of genotype in A genome). What proprtion of the self-progeny of F^AF^a F^BF^b plant will be resistant to pathotype 1, 2 and 3?
Consider the following cross examining four gene in two parental line:
Parent 1: A/a; B/B; D/d; E/e
Parent 2: A/a; B/b; d/d; e/e
Assuming independent assortment for the four genes, what fraction of progeny will be
phenotypically identical to either parent 1 or parent 2? (Hint: first figure out the
fraction of progeny that resembles parent 1 and parent 2 separately, then get the
overall fraction.)
9/16
1/16
3/4
3/8
3/16
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12.1 - Two pairs of traits are segregating in a cross....Ch. 12.1 - If, instead, the four phenotypes in question 1...Ch. 12.2 - Palomino horses have a golden coat color, with a...Ch. 12.2 - A true-breeding rabbit with agouti (mottled,...Ch. 12 - The dominant C allele of a gene that controls...Ch. 12 - In peas, the allele Le produces tall plants and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 12 - What genotypes, and in what frequencies, will be...Ch. 12 - In addition to the two genes in problem 4, assume...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6TYK
Ch. 12 - In cats, the genotype AA produces tabby fur color;...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 12 - The ability of humans to taste the bitter chemical...Ch. 12 - A man is homozygous dominant for alleles at 10...Ch. 12 - In guinea pigs, an allele for rough fur (R) is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 12 - Some recessive alleles have such a detrimental...Ch. 12 - In chickens, feathered legs are produced by a...Ch. 12 - A mix-up in a hospital ward caused a mother with O...Ch. 12 - Having malformed hands with shortened fingers is a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 12 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 12 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 12 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 12 - Half of the worlds population eats rice at least...
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- Use Instructions above please Purple flowers are dominant over white flowers, and green pods are dominant over yellow pods in pea plants. What would the probability be of producing a pea plant with white flowers and yellow pods from parent plants that are heterozygous for each trait?arrow_forwardConsider the following cross examining four gene in two parental lines: Parent 1: A/a; B/b; D/d; e/e Parent 2: a/a; b/b; d/d; E/e Assuming independent assortment for the four genes, what fraction of progeny will have the same genotype as that of parent 2? O 1/2 O 1/4 1/8 O 1/16arrow_forwarda. State a hypothesis explaining the inheritance of flower color in painted tongues. b. Assign genotypes to the parents, F₁ progeny, and F2 progeny for all five crosses. c. In a cross between true-breeding yellow and true-breeding lavender plants, all of the F1 progeny are bronze. If you used F₁ plants to produce and F2 generation, what phenotypes in what ratios would you expect? Are there any genotypes that might produce a phenotype that you cannot predict from earlier experiments, and if so, how might this alter the phenotypic ratios among the F2 progeny?arrow_forward
- Describe genetic linkage. What is the role of location on a particular chromosome in determining if two traits are linked? Describe the role that blood antibodies play in determining which blood types can be transfused into a particular patient. Use several examples to support your assertions. Sex determination is different in birds and mammals. Describe how this difference in sex determination leads to the different probability of inheriting a sex-linked trait in male and female mammals versus birds.arrow_forwardIn turkeys a dominant gene R produces the familiar bronze coloured feathers; its recessive allele r results in red coloured feathers. Another dominant gene H results in normal feathers; its recessive allele h produces feathers without webbing, so that they resemble tufts of hair. A crossing between a male homozygous bronze with normal feathers and a female red with feathers without webbing in turkeys was made. Summarize the phenotypes of the expected F2 offspringarrow_forwardSuppose that in a species of mouse, the gene for brown coat color is dominant over the color black. Another gene (C) is responsible for depositing color on the hair. A single dominant allele (C) is sufficient for the color (black or brown) to be deposited on the hairs; those without a copy of the dominant allele are albino. A female mouse homozygous recessive for both characters is crossed with a male mouse heterozygous for both characters. A) Give the phenotypic ratio of the progeny of F1. (Punnet grid if possible) B) What proportion of the offspring of the F1 will have the same genotype as either of its parents?arrow_forward
- Consider the following cross examining four gene in two parental line: Parent 1: A/a; B/B; D/d; E/e Parent 2: A/a; B/b; d/d; e/e Assuming independent assortment for the four genes, what fraction of progeny will be phenotypically identical to parent 2? O 3/32 O 3/16 none of the above 3/8 O 3/4arrow_forwardMendelian Genetics Consider blue eyes in a man as recessive to brown eyes. Show the expected children of a marriage between a blue-eyed woman and brown-eyed man who had a blue-eyed mother. Determine the genotypic ratio (GR) and phenotypic ratio (PR) of the F1 using Punnett Square Method. Hint: Determine the genotypes of each individual first.arrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the next question. A Venn Diagram Showing the Relationship Between Oogenesis and Spermatogeneis. Oogenesis 1 NOTE: Similarities are represented by area 2. Differences are represented by areas 1 or 3. Match the numbered regions with the descriptions below. Spermatogenesis 3 Four viable gametes produced: Occurs in gonads: Daughter cells equal in size Unequal cytoplasmic division ▶arrow_forward
- In garden peas, the gene for red flowers (R) is dominant over the gene for white flowers (r). If pollen (cells containing sperm nuclei) from the anther (male reproductive organ) of a homozygous red-flowered plant is added to the pistil (female reproductive organ containing the egg) of a white-flowered plant: a. What would be the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the first generation of offspring? b. If two members of the first generation of offspring were crossed, what would be the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the next generation?arrow_forwardConsider a cross between a true breeding purple flowered pea plant (genotype PP) and a true breeding white flowered pea plant (genotype pp) that produces all heterozygous F1 offspring. An F1 intercross is conducted between two of the F1 offspring, resulting in the F2 generation. What is the expected phenotype outcome of the F2 individuals resulting from the F1 intercross? 100% white offspring 100% purple offspring 3 purple: 1 white 1 purple: 2 light purple: 1 white 1 purple: 1 whitearrow_forwardConsider three genes: X, Y, and Z. The X and Y genes are on the same chromosome; gene Y is on a different chromosome. An organism is heterozygous for all three genes. The cell’s parents were both homozygous for all three genes. This organism produces a gamete with the dominant X allele. Which of the following is true of this gamete? A. It is likely to have both the dominant Y and Z alleles. B. It is likely to also have the dominant Y allele but not necessarily the dominant Z allele. C. It is likely to also have the dominant Z allele but not necessarily the dominant Y allele. D. It is not more likely to have either the dominant Y or dominant Z alleles.arrow_forward
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