Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 20, Problem 17CTQ
Some organisms that appear very closely related on a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related. Why is this?
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Which statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees?
a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved
b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related
c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa
d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarily
What does a phylogenetic tree depict?
Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8.
Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C?
Question options:
The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most recent common ancestor at node 1.
The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors.
The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2.
The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the…
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 20 - Figure 20.6 At what levels are cats and dogs...Ch. 20 - Figure 20.10 Which animals in this figure belong...Ch. 20 - Figure 20.11 What is the largest clade in this...Ch. 20 - What is used to determine phylogeny? mutations DNA...Ch. 20 - What do scientists in the field of systematics...Ch. 20 - Which statement about the taxonomic classification...Ch. 20 - On a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to...Ch. 20 - Which statement about analogies is correct? They...Ch. 20 - What do scientists use to apply cladistics?...Ch. 20 - What is true about organisms that are a part of...
Ch. 20 - Why do scientists apply the concept of maximum...Ch. 20 - The transfer of genes by a mechanism not involving...Ch. 20 - Particles that transfer genetic material from one...Ch. 20 - What does the trunk of the classic phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Which phylogenetic model proposes that all three...Ch. 20 - How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing...Ch. 20 - Some organisms that appear very closely related on...Ch. 20 - List the different levels of the taxonomic...Ch. 20 - Dolphins and fish have similar body shapes. Is...Ch. 20 - Why is it so important for scientists to...Ch. 20 - Describe maximum parsimony.Ch. 20 - Compare three different ways that eukaryotic cells...Ch. 20 - Describe how aphids acquired the ability to change...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree? Given a cladogram for a group of species, what additional interpretation is needed to obtain a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardHow does a phylogenetic tree indicate major evolutionary events within a lineage?arrow_forward
- In the last lab while creating a phylogenetic tree using PAUP/CIPRES, Fagus grandifolia was specified as the outgroup . Why is this step important? If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which outgroup is not connected to the rest of the tree by a common ancestor If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which the outgroup might not branch off prior to the common ancestor of the organisms under study O If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIIPRES will produce an unrooted tree. Unrooted trees do not follow the Law of Parsimony All options are incorrectarrow_forwardExamine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the first picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate? How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD? Given the following organisms in the Table in the second picture, number them in terms of which is relatively closest and distant. Number 1 refers to closest.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species and are usually based upon shared derived characters. In constructing phylogenetic trees, it is useful to first draw up a character table to show the presence or absence of characters among the various groups of organisms being studied. a. Draw up a character table based upon the following shared derived characters of land plants: flowers, seeds, vascular tissues, and dependent embryos. Your character table must include the names/descriptions of the plant groups that are being characterized. b. Construct a phylogenetic tree based on this data.arrow_forward
- Do you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.arrow_forwardWithin the field of phylogenetics, what does a “bootstrap value” represent? (write/make 3 points for this question)arrow_forwardWhy is it important for scientists to distinguish between homologous and analogous characteristics before building a Phylogenetic tree?arrow_forward
- How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing of time? Some organisms that appear very closely related to a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related (Example. Sharks and dolphins). Why is this?arrow_forwardFor the first phylogenetic tree, if we assume absolute time is NOT represented, can we say that the species in circle B are more closely related than the species in Circle A? For the second phylogenetic tree (if we hold the same assumptions), can we say that B and C are more closely related than A and C?arrow_forwarda) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What is a branch point? c) What are sister taxa? d) What is a ‘rooted’ phylogenetic tree?arrow_forward
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