Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 4RQ
What is used to determine phylogeny?
- mutations
- DNA
- evolutionary history
- organisms on earth
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what is phylogeny?
A group whose members share one or more defining derived traits
The evolutionary history of a species or a group of species
The process of making hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among clades
These are the closest relative of an
organism or a group of organisms
Twin taxon
Homologous taxon
Sister taxon
Sister chromosomes
The evolutionary history of a
species or a taxonomic group is
called
Phylogeny
Phytography
Phenetics
O Phylogenetics
Which of the following is a problem with applying the phylogenetic species concept?
Some individuals we think are different species can interbreed
Some individuals look exceedingly similar
Increased DNA sequencing could lead to different definitions of species
No one knows how to make a phylogeny
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 20 - Figure 20.6 At what levels are cats and dogs...Ch. 20 - Figure 20.10 Which animals in this figure belong...Ch. 20 - Figure 20.11 What is the largest clade in this...Ch. 20 - What is used to determine phylogeny? mutations DNA...Ch. 20 - What do scientists in the field of systematics...Ch. 20 - Which statement about the taxonomic classification...Ch. 20 - On a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to...Ch. 20 - Which statement about analogies is correct? They...Ch. 20 - What do scientists use to apply cladistics?...Ch. 20 - What is true about organisms that are a part of...
Ch. 20 - Why do scientists apply the concept of maximum...Ch. 20 - The transfer of genes by a mechanism not involving...Ch. 20 - Particles that transfer genetic material from one...Ch. 20 - What does the trunk of the classic phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Which phylogenetic model proposes that all three...Ch. 20 - How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing...Ch. 20 - Some organisms that appear very closely related on...Ch. 20 - List the different levels of the taxonomic...Ch. 20 - Dolphins and fish have similar body shapes. Is...Ch. 20 - Why is it so important for scientists to...Ch. 20 - Describe maximum parsimony.Ch. 20 - Compare three different ways that eukaryotic cells...Ch. 20 - Describe how aphids acquired the ability to change...
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- What type of species concept would you use to classify extinct species that only exist in fossils? Biological species concept Phylogenetic species concept Ecological species concept Morphological species concept Interactive species conceptarrow_forwardThe ancestral protist common ancestor of all animals lived approximately million years ago. 800 600 525 O 200arrow_forwardMolecular clock techniques are used to O calibrate radiometric clocks measure the genetic distance between two taxa O estimate when two taxa diverged from a common ancestor determine the age of fossils estimate the age of individual plants and animals in a population Previous Page Next Page Submit Quiz 7 of 90 questions savedarrow_forward
- Why do biologists care about phylogenies?arrow_forwardDefine the following terms in your own words: Nomenclature Systematics Phylogeny Character Analogous characterarrow_forwardWhat are sister groups? Two groups of closely related organisms that share a common ancestor Two groups of distantly related organisms that share a common ancestor Two groups of organisms that look similar but are actually not related Two groups of closely related organisms that do not share a common ancestorarrow_forward
- What is a group of organisms that are able to interbreed and form viable offspring? Species Genus Taxonomy Similar organismsarrow_forwardPhylogeny refers to the evolutionary descent of taxa. It refers to the relationship between ancestors and descendants and relationships among descendant taxa. It shows the lineage of taxa which can be summarized in a branching diagram called a phylogenetic tree.1. Express some basic evolutionary relationships among groups of microorganisms, plants, and animals; 2. Illustrate the relationship of organisms with their environment; and 3. Analyze environmental factors contributing to biodiversity richness and lossarrow_forwardDefine the following terms in your own words: Taxonomy Classification Description Hierarchy Identification Nomenclature Systematics Phylogeny Character Analogous character Homologous character Character state Clade Cladogramarrow_forward
- What are the two ways of finding the age of a fossil? Describe how relative dating works. What does absolute dating do? Why is the element carbon-14 important for paleontologists? . Developmental Biology - Embryology Many scientists use what an organism looks like as an embryo, or embryology, as evidence for evolution. The embryos of most vertebrates look very similar and have similar structures. For example, fish, bird, rabbit, and human embryos are similar in appearance in early stages. They all have gill slits and a tail with muscles to move it. Later as the embryos develop, they become less and less similar. What does the study of embryology show when comparing most vertebrates?arrow_forwardWhat are homologous structures? A body structure that is present in one lineage but absent in another closely related lineage. Body structures that are similar but evolved independently in different lineages Body structures that are similar in different lineages because they are derived from a feature present in a common ancestorarrow_forwardWhat is Phylogeny? Explain the importance of Phylogeny ?arrow_forward
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