Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 24, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The Microbiome engineering is the process that manipulates the composition of a microbiome to improve host characteristics. There are many applications in microbiome engineering.
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Which of the following is NOT a true statement?
Infected people without symptoms can sometimes transmit their infection to others
None of the other four answers (All are true statements)
Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death in some parts of the world
For a given microbe, the number of cells or virus particles required to cause an infection (ID50) is always the same, regardless of the portal of entry
Zoonoses can spread from animals to humans
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nosocomial infections? Choose all that apply.
Sick patients coming in to the hospital can bring pathogens with them
Shared caretakers and equipment can transmit microbes between patients
Patients may be exposed to antiseptic chemicals
O An ill person has weakened immune function
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This antibiotic, novobiocin, was tested against two different types of bacteria. What can you say about antibiotic
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Novobiocin is more resistant to Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Novobiocin is more resistant to Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is more resistant to Novobiocin
Staphylococcus aureus is more resistant to Novobiocin
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Robert Koch developed a set of criteria (postulates) for conclusively demonstrating the aetiology (specific cause) of an infectious disease. Which of the following is not a postulate? The infectious agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro The disease is reproduced when a pure culture of the infectious agent is inoculated into a new susceptible host The infectious agent can be recovered from the experimentally-infected host The infectious agent is present in most cases of the diseasearrow_forwardYour microbiome is composed of? Question options: The transient microbiota and genetic material of a person The resident microbiota and genetic material of a person The transient microbiota of a person The transient and resident microbiota of a personarrow_forwardWhich of the following situations does NOT demonstrate the importance of a healthy microbiome? Group of answer choices Anthony suffers from debilitating diarrhea after a lengthy course of antibiotics to treat his MRSA infection. Andy is lactose intolerant. His body does not break down lactose, so the microorganisms in the gut do it for him. Mary suffers from colon cancer. While being treated, she develops an opportunistic Bacteroides fragilis infection. Jenna is prone to yeast infections, so she routinely eats yogurt and takes a probiotic supplement to increase the amount of lactic acid bacteria in her vagina.arrow_forward
- Which statements describe ways in which antibiotic resistant bacteria can spread? Health care workers become infected after have interacting with sick patients. Hospital visitors transfer resistant bacteria from patients to family or community members. Animals raised for meat or milk are routinely given antibiotics. Animal feces is used as a fertilizer for food crops. Antibacterial soaps are used at home, at schools, and in hospitals.arrow_forwardAs microbes come in contact with humans there are variables that come into play determining if the microbe will cause infection, colonize onto the host without any issues or is removed by the hosts immune system. Microbes that become associated with us and don't cause any issues should be a benefit and provide us with something useful (i.e. vitamin or prevent colonization of other microbes). Please research a microbe that is normally associated with us, considered a normal flora, and provides a benefit. Answer each of the following about the microbe you choose. 1. Scientific name of the microbe. 2. Where it is normally found on/in the human body? 3. What is the benefit/advantage the microbe provides to us? Explain in 3-4 sentences. 4. An interesting fact about the microbe not related to the benefit/advantage. 5. Can this microbe cause disease in its human host? Explain why or why not in a few sentences.arrow_forwardThe term "colonization" is best described as: a large group of unicellular organisms presence of bacteria on our body that may not necessarily cause harm a virus that will colonize bacteria and make the disease more virulent all of the abovearrow_forward
- Pick a specific microbiome (i.e. skin, mouth, gut, reproductive) and discuss interesting points and how it is important to human health/diversity/etc. Here you can discuss any aspect of the microbiome that you like. Whatever is of most interest to you personally for example the uniqueness of an individual’s microbiome or disease states due to disruptions in bacterial communities, etc. Find a recent (2015 or newer) primary research article that investigates some aspect of the microbiome environment that you discussed in question 2 and discuss the findings and how it has increased our understanding of the microbiome.arrow_forwardChoose the false statement below. Resident microbes in our gastrointestinal tract assist in our immune system's ability to recognize future emerging infections that may be created by gene transfer into species of normal body flora. The Human Microbiome Project goals included examination of ethical implications of collecting data on the human microbiome as well as development of techniques to create new vaccines. Animals grown in the absence of bacteria provide evidence for the role of normal body flora in development of the digestive and immune systems. Question 15 Choose the false statement below. An unborn baby is axenic but, upon delivery, acquires body flora via both oral and vertical transmission but also via direct transmission from healthcare workers. O The many species that provide humans with bacterial antagonism are also considered opportunistic pathogens. Unlike opportunistic pathogens, a true pathogen causes disease no matter how much inoculum is introduced into the host.arrow_forwardCurrent scientific information indicates that the earliest way humans acquire the microbiome is by passing through the mother's birth canal. including supplemental probiotics in baby formula. breastfeeding. supplementing baby foods at approximately 6 months of age. consuming prebiotics and probiotics once an infant can eat solid foods. 000009arrow_forward
- Which of the following are associated with the origin and spread of antibiotic resistance? Recordings Normal flora-opportunistic pathogen species that are shared between livestock animals and humans Antibiotic use in humans and animals selects for antibiotic resistant strains. Extensive use of antibiotics in livestock (animal) agriculture All of the above are associated with antibiotic resistance. O Presence of antibiotic secreting mold species in soilarrow_forwardIt was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Penicillin heralded the dawn of the antibiotic age. Before its introduction there was no effective treatment for infections such as pneumonia, gonorrhea or rheumatic fever. Hospitals were full of people with blood poisoning contracted from a cut or a scratch, and doctors could do little for them but wait and hope. 1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? 2. Cells treated with penicillin do not die immediately, so how this antibiotic is effective? 3. Why penicillin is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria? 4. Explain penicillin resistance mechanisms among bacteria today and the causes why they gained this resistance and making this great life-saving drug not usable anymore.arrow_forwardWhich of the following contributes the least to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria? Conjugation Transduction O Transposition Vaccination Transformationarrow_forward
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