Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 24, Problem 3TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A set of DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA is called a contig. In bottom up and top down sequencing projects ‘contig’ has different meanings. Therefore, it could refer to overlapping DNA sequence and overlapping physical segments contained in clones depending on the circumstance.
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Shown below is a DNA coding strand. A base (*G*) mutates to Adenine (A). What will be the resulting amino acid sequence as a result of the mutation? What type of mutation occured?
Hint: Determine the template, then first determine the amino acid sequence before the mutation, and then determine the amino acid sequence after the mutation. Show how you got your answer.
5' T-A-C-T-T-C-C-A-*G*-C-C-G-C-T-C 3'
Below are four DNA fragments. DNA Fragments:
CGATCT
TCACGA
AGCTGC
GGCTAA
ATGCTG
GTACCA
Select the correct fragments from the above list that complement the DNA fragments below.
DNA Fragments:
Answer
Answer
Answer
Answer
Complementary DNA:
AGTGCT
CCGATT
GCTAGA
TACGAC
Each sequence below indicates one of two strands of
a DNA molecule. When heated, which of these DNA
sequences would separate first?
5'-ACACAACAAA-3'
5'-GGGGGGGGGG-3'
5'-GACGAACCCC-3'
5'-ATAATAACAT-3'
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- A strand of DNA runs the following direction with the following base sequence: 3'-AUG CCC CAG TTA - 5' please note the direction of the strand and the sequence. Give the complimentary sequence of DNA, noting the direction of the sequence.arrow_forwardFour nucleic-acid samples are analyzed to determine the percentages of nucleotides they contain. Survey the data in the table below to determine which samples are DNA and which are RNA, and specify whether each sample is double-stranded or single-stranded. Justify each answer (DNA and RNA can be both single and double-stranded). A G T U C Sample 1 23% 27% 23% 0 27% Sample 2 35% 35% 0 15% 15% Sample 3 17% 33% 0 17% 33% Sample 4 30% 30% 20% 0 20% Sample A is Sample B is Sample C is Sample D isarrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences (all belong to an exon):5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 311. If the above DNA strand is the coding (sense) strand and the DNA molecule is expressed to produce a protein product, however prior to expression, mutation took place where,a. the 15th base was replaced by Guanine. Is the amino acid sequence of the synthesized polypeptide chain altered, as compared when there was no mutation? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. Is the base substitution a transition or transversion mutation?b. the 18th base was replaced by Guanine. Is there an effect in the structure and function of the synthesized protein, as compared when there was no mutation? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. Is the base substitution a transition or transversion…arrow_forward
- In the diagram below, which Okazaki fragment was produced first, A, B, or C? Fragment A Fragment B Fragment C A B C H overall directions of replicationarrow_forwardBelow is a DNA strand. We will call this the original strand, and you will transcribe and translate it first. Each question thereafter is a variation of the original strand with a mutation. Transcribe and translate the DNA strand for each number, and identify the type of mutation. It is important to determine where the change in DNA occurred in each mutated strand to help you identify the mutation type. Original: DNA TAC CCA GAG ATG CAT mRNA Amino Acid Mutation 1 DNA TAC CAA GAG ATG CAT mRNA Amino Acid Mutation Type: ______________________________ Mutation 2 DNA TAC CCA GAT ATG CAT mRNA Amino Acid Mutation Type: ______________________________ Mutation 3 DNA TAC CCA GAG ATT CAT mRNA Amino Acid…arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences (all belong to an exon):5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is expressed to produce a protein product, however prior to expression, mutation took place where,a. the 11th base was replaced by Cytosine. Is the amino acid sequence of the synthesized polypeptide chain altered, as compared when there was no mutation? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. Is the base substitution a transition or transversion mutation?b. the 2nd base was deleted. Is there an effect in the structure and function of the synthesized protein? Specify type of mutation in relation to protein function. What type of mutation is demonstrated here?c. Thymine is inserted between the 21st and 22nd gene. Is…arrow_forward
- Below is a DNA strand. We will call this the original strand, and you will transcribe and translate it first. Each question thereafter is a variation of the original strand with a mutation. Transcribe and translate the DNA strand for each number, and identify the type of mutation. It is important to determine where the change in DNA occurred in each mutated strand to help you identify the mutation type. Original: DNA TAC CCA GAG ATG CAT mRNA Amino Acid Mutation Type: ______________________________ Mutation 2 DNA TAC CCA GAT ATG CAT mRNA Amino Acid Mutation Type: ______________________________ Mutation 3 DNA TAC CCA GAG ATT CAT mRNA Amino Acid Mutation Type: ______________________________ Mutation 4 DNA TAC CAG AGA TGC AT… mRNA…arrow_forwardWhat is the complimentary DNA sequence to the strand below? C-G-G-T-T-A-Garrow_forwardWhat technique was used to photograph DNA in franklins famous photo #51? A- gamma ray photography B- atomic force microscopy C- electron microscopy D- x-Ray crystallographyarrow_forward
- Two base pairs of double-stranded DNA are shown in the figure. Use your knowledge of base structure, hydrogen bonding, and strand polarity to write the sequence of each strand of DNA in a 5' to 3' direction. Left strand Right strand 0---H-N OH CH -H- N-H---0 CH N-H---O H-N Left strand 5'- -3' Right strand 5'- -3'arrow_forwardGiven below is a DNA sequence as well as its corresponding mRNA and protein amino acid sequences. If in given DNA sequence a nucleotide is deleted or inserted or substituted, what types of mutations these changes may result? Show these changes and resulting mutations by using given sequences.arrow_forwardATCGGCTAGCTACGGCTATTTACGGCATAT The above string of nucleotides represent a DNA leading strand of nucleotides. 1. Write the complementary DNA strand to the above sample. 2. Write the RNA complementary strand to the original DNA strand.arrow_forward
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