Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 24, Problem 6TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Microbiome is consisted with all the genetic material of entire collection of microbes in a specific environment. Species of archaea, bacteria, protists and fungi are considered to be microorganisms. Some microbiomes are found within physical systems. Some microbiomes are associated with living organisms. These living organisms are known as hosts. Host is an organism which allow another organism to live inside or near their body and be in a symbiotic relationship.
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The term "colonization" is best described as:
a large group of unicellular organisms
presence of bacteria on our body that may not necessarily cause harm
a virus that will colonize bacteria and make the disease more virulent
all of the above
Pick a specific microbiome (i.e. skin, mouth, gut, reproductive) and discuss interesting points and how it is important to human health/diversity/etc.
Here you can discuss any aspect of the microbiome that you like. Whatever is of most interest to you personally for example the uniqueness of an individual’s microbiome or disease states due to disruptions in bacterial communities, etc.
Find a recent (2015 or newer) primary research article that investigates some aspect of the microbiome environment that you discussed in question 2 and discuss the findings and how it has increased our understanding of the microbiome.
All of the following are true about the normal microbiota of humans EXCEPT:
They are important for resistance against infection by pathogens
They are present in large numbers in the upper respiratory tract and mouth
They are present in large numbers on the skin
Some are transient and others permanently colonize the host
They can be found throughout the body, including all internal organs
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A professional microbiologist is least likely to study which of the following organisms? A large bacterium like Epulopiscium fishelsoni that is visible to the naked eye A small single-celled eukaryote like Plasmodium falciparum Pyrococcus furiosus, an extremophilic Archaeon Human egg and sperm cellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a healthy microbiota that helps prevent infection from potentially pathogenic bacteria? Cytophaga Fusobacterium Leptospira Bacteroides Borreliaarrow_forwardWhich of the following can be pathogens? (choose all that apply) Viruses Protists Parasitic worms Fungi Bacteriaarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a difference between transient and resident microbiota? Transient microbiota are pathogenic, and resident microbiota are not. Resident microbiota remain on the host for an extended period. Humans do not have transient microbiota. Transient microbiota can be opportunistic pathogens, and resident microbiota cannot. Resident microbiota cause disease and transient microbiota do not.arrow_forwardThe microbiome could be considered an organ system for all of the following reasons EXCEPT O Changes in the microbiorme can have negative impacts on health O The microbiome functions relatively independent in regards to the other organ systems in the body The microbiorme is inherited mainly from the mother O There are 10X more human cells than microbiota cellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following choices is the most common cause of UTIs? Viruses Bacteria Yeast Fungiarrow_forward
- Microbiota In healthy humans, the internal organs and tissues such as muscles, the brain, and blood do not contain microorganisms. However, surface tissues, such as the skin and mucous membranes, are in continuous contact with environmental microbes and become readily colonized by specific bacteria. The population of microbes regularly found in the body is referred to as the normal microbiota. The term transient microbiota refers to members of the normal microbiota that are present for only a short time before disappearing. A person's normal microbiota is an important part of the immune system, as the normal microbiota often inhibit pathogenic microbes from colonizing the host, a process called microbial antagonism. Different types of bacteria will colonize different niches in a person's body due to variations in moisture level, pH. atmospheric pressure, oxygen levels, and body secretions. Accordingly, different types of medila must be used to culture the various human microbiota. If…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the microbiome is FALSE? Defects in microbiome composition can have dire effects on human health. A human microbiome is inherited from the mother and father. There are ten times more microbial cells than human cells in the body. O Microbiomes are contained in defined and relatively independent parts of the body.arrow_forwardWhich of the following amnong A-D is false concerning your microbiome? IS A) Ot represents a type of endosymbiosis B)O there are more of them on (and in) you than your own cells C) O they are generally (usually) harmless D) O you wvould be much healthier and happier if you did not have them at all 110arrow_forward
- Which of the following scenarios does NOT describe a method by which the normal microbiome can cause disease? O ingestion of food contaminated with an enteric pathogen O spread of infection in an individual with complement factor deficiency O invasion of tissues through surgical wounds O a cancerous lesion in the colonarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a true statement? Infected people without symptoms can sometimes transmit their infection to others None of the other four answers (All are true statements) Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death in some parts of the world For a given microbe, the number of cells or virus particles required to cause an infection (ID50) is always the same, regardless of the portal of entry Zoonoses can spread from animals to humansarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)arrow_forward
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