Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction :
Over the past 250 million years, the diversity of life has increased. The increase has been promoted by adaptive radiations, in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms. This occurs in particular when a change in the environment makes new
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Male bowerbirds construct elaborate nests in order to attract females. Different species of
bowerbirds often live in the same area, yet they will not mate with each other because of
the females' strong preferences for a particular kind of nest.
What does this exemplify?
convergent evolution
reproductive isolation
homologous structures
geographic isolation
Which of the following does not increase the rate of adaptive radiation?
A Competition for resources.
Short generation times.
C)A major environmental change.
Two species that produce only infertile offspring.
Anole lizards can be found on many islands in the Caribbean that share similar environmental habitats. Anoles on the different islands share similar ecological morphotypes because of their similar habitats. Anoles on each island have evolved from a common ancestor into a variety of different species that occupy different ecological niches as shown below.
Which of the following statements explains how the morphotypes found on one island, and shown in the figure, occurred as a result of speciation?
Convergent evolution occurred, causing new species to evolve based on diverse new habitats.
Phenotypic diversification occurred as a result of divergent evolution as the anoles adapted to new habitats.
Natural selection occurred, so individual anoles with certain phenotypes can survive and reproduce only in a specific ecological niche.
Reproductive isolation occurred as a result of habitat isolation since the anoles are unable to move into different ecological niches to breed.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 25.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 25.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 25.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In changing from an "RNA world"...Ch. 25.2 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 25.2 - WHAT IF? Your measurements indicate that a...Ch. 25.3 - The first appearance of free oxygen in the...Ch. 25.3 - What evidence supports the hypothesis that...Ch. 25.3 - WHAT IF? What would a fossil record of life today...Ch. 25.4 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 25.4 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.5 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 25.5 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.6 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25 - Describe the roles that montmorillonite clay and...Ch. 25 - What are the challenges of estimating the ages of...Ch. 25 - What is the "Cambrian explosion," and why is it...Ch. 25 - Explain how the broad evolutionary changes seen in...Ch. 25 - How could changes in a Single gene or DNA region...Ch. 25 - Explain the reasoning behind the Statement...Ch. 25 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Fossilized...Ch. 25 - The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 25 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe how gene flow,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 25 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION You have seen...Ch. 25 - Prob. 11TYU
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- Which of the following mass extinctions caused the loss of over 80% of species and was due to increased volcanic activity in what is now Siberia, Russia? The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction The Cretaceous-Paleogene Mass Extinction The Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction The Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinctionarrow_forwardIt is known that it takes very long periods of time for new species to develop, and yet the fossil record for many organisms is characterized by long periods of Stasis (no change) followed by short bursts of intense Speciation (the disappearance of one species followed by the appearance of a new species). Thus in the fossil record, organisms seem to stay the same for long periods of time followed by a “sudden” change in the organisms (sudden with respect to evolution and geology). In other words, it appears that new species evolve suddenly as opposed to over long periods of time. The Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium helps to explain these seemingly contradictory occurrences in the fossil record. Discuss how Punctuated Equilibrium works (think about small offshoot populations that break off from the main population) and how it can explain the fossil record evidence. (Be sure to include information about why fossils of the offshoot population would be rare.)arrow_forwardWhat are the five mass extinctions of the past and the current theory of the sixth mass extinction? For each extinctions, what caused the extinction and how was ecosystem stability impacted? Was there any speciation that occurred afterward?arrow_forward
- Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of three of thefollowing four factors. Select the exception.(A) vacant ecological niches(B) genetic drift(C) colonization of an isolated region that contains suitablehabitat and few competitor species(D) evolutionary innovationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding the phrase "adaptive radiation"? O It refers to multiple speciation events within an evolutionary lineage. It refers to many populations of the same species. It is the result of genetic drift occuring many times over evolutionary time. Gene flow is an evolutionary mechanism that can account for adaptive radiations.arrow_forwardA new species seems to be forming in areas where there is geographic separation between the divergent populations. If true, this would represent an example of: Peripatric speciation Genetic drift Sympatric speciation Adaptive radiation Allopatric speciationarrow_forward
- Adaptive radiation is when populations diverge from a common ancestor into new species, each of which is adapted to its own unique niche. Provide evidence to highlight an example as to how this may have occurred in some of the species of penguins.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely a reason why evolutionary radiation would occur on islands? A) there are many more species on islands B) islands tend to have more favourable habitats than continents because they are moderated by the ocean C) islands may have fewer animal and plant groups and thus provide more ecological opportunities D) organisms can disperse easily across oceans E) islands often have more diverse habitats than continentsarrow_forwardYou are examining the fossil record and notice a dramatic decrease in species diversity that seems to span across multiple groups of organisms within a very short period of time. This could most likely indicate: The beginning of a new geologic period A mass extinction event A major evolutionary breakthrough An artifact of poor fossil preservation adaptive radiationarrow_forward
- Why do island chains provide ideal conditions for adaptive radiation to occur?arrow_forwardWhat makes the finches on the Galapagos Islands a good example of adaptive radiation? The thirteen different species of finches developed after there was a mass extinction on the Galapagos Islands. All thirteen species of finches came from the mainland. However, over time, the finches specialized to their area on the island, and their beaks evolved to help them survive predators. The finches were native to the islands. Over time, more finches from different areas came to the islands and crossbred with the other species on the island, creating more species of finches. There are thirteen different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands. All thirteen species of finches share a common ancestor from the mainland. The different species of finches filled the vacant niches on the island and specialized.arrow_forwardAdaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of three of the following four factors. Select the factor that is NOT a direct consequence of adaptive radiation. Select one: a. Genetic drift b. Vacant ecological niches (niches are environment "space" where a particular organism has resources required to survive and reproduce) c. New evolutionary innovations d. Colonization of a new region that contains suitable habitat and few competitor speciesarrow_forward
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