To explain:
The functions of the crop and gizzard in birds and why humans don't have it; the reason for the presence of smooth polished stones in the stomach of ancient sauropod dinosaurs.
Introduction:
The alimentary canal consist of a continuous tube that changes in structure and function along its length. The first section, the anterior end, functions primarily in the ingestion of food. It contains the mouth, salivary glands, pharynx and esophagus. The middle section contains one or more food-storage or digestive organs, including the crop, gizzard, and stomach, according to the type of species. It also contains part of the upper intestines and accessory structures associated with the intestine. The end part of the canal consists of the remainder of the small intestine, and in most vertebrates, a large intestine. Undigested material is defecated through an opening called anus, or a cloaca, in amphibians, reptiles and birds.
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Principles of Biology
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