Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 37.6, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
An excretory system includes all of the tissues and organs of an animal that function to remove soluble wastes such as Carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from the body, and to regulate ion and water balance. Most excretory organs have tubular structures lined with epithelial cells capable of actively transporting ions and other substances through their membranes. Through these pipes, the waste is secreted from the body.
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Where does filtration occur?
the glomerulus
the proximal convoluted tubule
the nephron loop
the collecting duct
ALL OF THE ABOVE; filtration continues to occur throughout the entire nephron
Which of the following could cause an INCREASE in the concentrations of ions found in the blood?
1. The glomerulus (Bowman's capsule) filters more substances than it's supposed to
2. The nephron reduces the amount of substances allowed to leave
3. More water is reabsorbed in the urinary system than usual
4. The organism dramatically decreases the amount of water consumed
Which of the following is TRUE about how water is handled by
che nephron?
Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that
move water against its concentration gradient.
Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+
follows down its diffusion gradient.
Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle.
Water reaborption depends on activity of active transport
mechanisms related to Na+
The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is
modified by vasopressin
Chapter 37 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.1 - Which statement is false? Water is an inorganic...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.3 - Are the transport processes shown here, including...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 37.4 - During the absorptive state, an animal is fasting....Ch. 37.4 - Gluconeogenesis occurs when the liver synthesizes...Ch. 37.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 37.5 - Insulin primarily regulates blood glucose...Ch. 37.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.8 - Note that modem medical technology is using a...Ch. 37.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.8 - Hemodialysis is the treatment of choice for people...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1TYCh. 37 - Prob. 2TYCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYCh. 37 - Prob. 7TYCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYCh. 37 - In the mammalian kidney, filtration is driven by...Ch. 37 - Which of the following cause(s) an increase in Na+...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 37 - List and define the major processes involved in...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 37 - Discuss the major ways in which glucose...Ch. 37 - Briefly discuss the parts mid functions of the...
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- Waste removal varies among organisms. Which pair shows the correct match between the organism and its excretory organs? * No answer earthworms : segmental nephridia flatworms : contractile vacuoles frogs : Malpighian tubules insects : flame cellsarrow_forwardAll of the following are functions of the mammalian kidney. Check all that would apply water reabsorption. filtration of blood. excretion of nitrogenous waste. regulation of salt balance in the blood. production of urea as a waste product of protein catabolism.arrow_forwardWhich of the following structures of nephron connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle? Distal convoluted tubule Connecting tubule Collecting duct Proximal convoluted tubulearrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a function of the excretory system? * Filtration of wastes from the blood. Secretion of ADH from the collecting duct. Maintaining pH balance by secretion of H+ ions. Osmoregulation via sweating. Releasing carbon dioxide waste from the lungs.arrow_forwardWhy would efferent arterioles are constricting more than they should cause some to urinate more than usual. efferent arteriole constriction decreases blood pressure in the glomerulus, which increases filtration rate efferent arteriole constriction increases blood pressure in the glomerulus, which increases filtration rate efferent arteriole constriction relaxes the muscle in the bladder that prevents urination efferent arteriole constriction increases blood pressure in the glomerulus, which decreases filtration ratearrow_forwardNephridium of the Bivalve of mussels Parameter Identification/Description/Enumeration Shape of kidney Position/location of the kidney and its functional significance Filtering unit of the kidneyarrow_forward
- In what portion of the nephron would you find many cells with well developed mircovilli resulting in a brush border? glomerular capsule proximial convoluted tubule O nephron loop O distal convoluted tubulearrow_forwardFiltration of substances out of the glomerulus occurs because: Charged molecules cannot cross as easily as uncharged, nonpolar molecules.Wastes cross into the filtrate and nutrients remain in the blood.The difference in size between the afferent and efferent arterioles creates high pressure.There are only channels for certain types of molecules in the glomerular wall.Active transport helps needed nutrients crossarrow_forwardwhy would you expect an animal that lives in fresh water to have a well developed excretory systemarrow_forward
- Discuss the evolution of the various excretory mechanisms in animals. Ex. from contractile vacuoles to vertebrate kidney. own words pleasearrow_forwardAlthough the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, they also help control blood pressure. Explain their role in this process. please help with examplesarrow_forwardStill considering the diagram, angiotensin II (Angll) may increase GFR by acting on which arteriole? Select a letter [ Select] Question 5 When MAP falls, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. Noradrenaline affects which arteriole during a sympathetic response? Select a letter [Select ]arrow_forward
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