Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 14Q
Compare and contrast the evolutionary roles of point mutations, chromosome inversions, gene duplications, and polyploidization.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Pick the statement about chromosome structure that is FALSE.
Gene duplications provide an explanation for the origin of gene families.
A position effect occurs when a gene’s expression is altered by virtue of a change in its chromosomal position.
Inversions decrease the frequency of recombinate gametes.
A paracentric inversion is one whose break points include the centromere.
Genes that function abnormally when present in only one copy are called haploinsufficient.
Altered chromosome structure can drastically affect an individual organism’s phenotype. However, some types of chromosomal rearrangements are more likely to be harmful than others. Categorize the following types of rearrangements from MOST LIKELY to be harmful to LEAST LIKELY to be harmful.
A. reciprocal translocation, deletion, translocation
B. deletion, translocation, inversion
C. inversion, translocation, reciprocal translocation
D. translocation, inversion, duplication
Explain how aneuploidy, deletions and duplications cause genetic imbalances.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 5 - What is the difference between genetic variation,...Ch. 5 - We noted on the first page of the chapter that...Ch. 5 - Because you are studying different subjects, the...Ch. 5 - What are reaction norms, and why do they matter?...Ch. 5 - Consider the nucleotide sequence TGACTAACGGCT....Ch. 5 - Consider a population containing the following...Ch. 5 - How many redheads live in a village of 250 people,...Ch. 5 - Diagram two processes through which genes can be...Ch. 5 - If a gene gets retroduplicated, how can you...Ch. 5 - How do chromosome inversions happen? What...
Ch. 5 - Diagram the sequence of events that leads to the...Ch. 5 - Discuss factors that might cause mutation rates to...Ch. 5 - Which kind of mutation is most common: lethal,...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast the evolutionary roles of...Ch. 5 - Suppose a silent mutation occurs in an exon that...Ch. 5 - The amino acid sequences encoded by the red and...Ch. 5 - Chromosome number can evolve by smaller-scale...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Compare the following three terms: polyploidy, aneuploidy, and nondisjunction. Briefly discuss examples of each of these conditions.arrow_forwardA. Aneuploidy refers to the loss or gain a chromosome part. B. Polyploid cells have extra chromosome sets. A) Both statement is correct B) Both statement is incorrect C) First statement is correct, Second is incorrect D) First statement is incorrect, Second is correctarrow_forwardDescribe how errors in chromosome structure occur through inversions and translocationsarrow_forward
- Which of the ff. statements is NOTtrue: A) Euploid is a good set of chromosome number B) Monosomies are typically phenotypically normal than syndromic C) Down syndrome can result from either a trisomy or a translocation D) Polyploids in humans are nearly always lethalarrow_forwardDraw and describe FIVE (5) types of chromosome structural changesarrow_forwardConsider the example of the fusion of chromosome 21 and 14. By itself, this fusion does not cause any phenotypic differences in the carrier individuals. However, the children of carriers have a very high rate of down syndrome, as well as low fertility. Explain why this is? Be specific about what differences in chromosome number may occur in offspring, and how this occurs. Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised please answer asap Consider the example of the fusion of chromosome 21 and 14. By itself, this fusion does not cause any phenotypic differences in the carrier individuals. However, the children of carriers have a very high rate of down syndrome, as well as low fertility. Explain why this is? Be specific about what differences in chromosome number may occur in offspring, and how this occurs.arrow_forward
- When recombination (“crossing over”) doesn’t happen correctly, what type(s) of mutations that can occur? Mark all that apply Select one or more: a. Deletion of part of a chromosome b. Translocation (transfer of part of a chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome) c. Duplication of part of a chromosome d.Inversion (reversal or “flipping” of part of a chromosome)arrow_forwardA cytogeneticist has collected tissue samples from members of a certain butterfly species. Some of the butterflies were located in Canada, and others were found in Mexico. Through karyotyping, the cytogeneticist discovered that chromosome 5 of the Canadian butterflies has a large inversion compared with chromosome 5 of the Mexican butterflies. The Canadian butterflies were inversion homozygotes, whereas the Mexican butterflies had two normal copies of chromosome 5. 1) Would a cross between Mexican and Canadian butterflies produce phenotypically normal offspring? and 2) Would the offspring of the cross (so F2 generation) be fertile?arrow_forwardExplain the process of duplication and divergence from an ancestral gene?arrow_forward
- A girl and a boy were born to a young married couple. The girl is absolutely healthy. The examination of the boy's karyotype has shown 46 chromosomes. But one of the chromosomes of the 15th pair is longer than normal as a part of a chromosome from the 21st pair has joined it. How many autosomes and sex chromosomes are in the boy's karyotype? Name the type of the mutation. Is it possible to consider this pathology an inherited disorder?arrow_forwardA contig map for a chromosome in Drosophila is shown below. The chromosome has 10 segments, numbered 1- 10. Drosophila Chromosome 1 2 4 7 9 10 A Genomic Clones C D E If an EST hybridizes with genomic clones C, D and E, but not with the other clones, in which segment of the chromosome is the EST found? Enter a number. If a clone of gene GLO hybridizes only with genomic clones F and G, in which chromosome segment is gene GLO located? Enter a number. If a restriction fragment hybridizes with only one of the genomic clones, in which chromosome segment(s) could the fragment be found? Enter numbers for each segment ordered from smallest to largest separated by commas and no spaces. (Le. 4.8,10)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding the phenotypic effects of inversions? Select ALL that apply. Heterozygotes are often healthy individuals because these mutations do not impact the dosages of any genes Heterozygotes often exhibit reduced fertility, because translocated and wild-type chromosomes do not separate correctly during meiosis II Homozygotes are often healthy individuals because these mutations do not impact the dosages of any genes Heterozygotes often exhibit reduced fertility, because crossing over between inverted and wild-type chromosomes in Meiosis I results in inviable gametes Heterozygotes often exhibit reduced fertility, because crossing over between inverted and wild-type chromosomes in Meiosis Il results in inviable gametesarrow_forward
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