Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259709999
Author: Denise G. Anderson Lecturer, Sarah Salm, Deborah Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 2A
Scientists working with DNA in vitro often store it in solutions that contain EDTA, a chelating agent that binds magnesium (Mg2+). This is done to prevent enzymes called DNases from degrading the DNA. Explain why EDTA would interfere with enzyme activity.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl bond between deoxyribose and a
purine base in DNA creates an apurinic (AP) site. An AP site is
more thermodynamically destabilizing to a DNA molecule
than is a mismatched base pair.
Examine the structure of an AP site.
HN
H₂N N
0
Guanine
-O-P-O-CH₂O.
H₂N
H
HN
H
H H
Hod
H
ofo
-0-
Guanosine residue
(in DNA)
-0-CH₂
H
H H
Apurinic residue
H
OH
H
Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described
after the sequence (REFER TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT FOR GUIDANCE TO THIS QUESTION).
Guanine nucleotide (G shown in red below) was deleted from the DNA sequence at the position indicated by
the arrow). Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this
mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein?
What about the function of the protein?)
3' TACATGGTTGTGCTAATT 5'
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) used to be a common stain for detecting DNA/ RNA on agarose gel.
Describe how EtBr stains DNA and explain the drawback of using this chemical.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Ch. 6 - Explain the difference between catabolism and...Ch. 6 - How does ATP serve as a carrier of free energy?Ch. 6 -
3. How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
Ch. 6 - Explain how precursor molecules are involved in...Ch. 6 -
5. How do cells regulate enzyme activity?
Ch. 6 - Why do the electrons carried by FADH2 result in...Ch. 6 -
7. Name three food products produced with the aid...Ch. 6 - In photosynthesis, what is encompassed by the term...Ch. 6 - Unlike the cyanobacteria, the anoxygenic...Ch. 6 - What is the role of transamination in amino acid...
Ch. 6 - Which of these factors do does not affect enzyme...Ch. 6 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 6 - Based on the name, NADH dehydrogenase is a) a...Ch. 6 - What is the end product of glycolysis? a) Glucose...Ch. 6 -
5. The central metabolic pathway(s) is/are
a)...Ch. 6 - Which of these pathways gives a cell the potential...Ch. 6 - In fermentation, the terminal electron acceptor is...Ch. 6 -
8. In the process of oxidative phosphorylation,...Ch. 6 - If a bacterium loses the ability to produce FADH2,...Ch. 6 - Degradation of fats as an energy source involves...Ch. 6 -
1. A worker in a cheese-making facility argues...Ch. 6 -
2. Scientists working with DNA in vitro often...Ch. 6 -
1. A student argued that aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 6 - Chemolithotrophs near hydrothermal vents support a...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described after the sequence (REFER TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT FOR GUIDANCE TO THIS QUESTION). Guanine nucleotide (G shown in red below) was deleted from the DNA sequence at the position indicated by the arrow). Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the protein?)arrow_forwardDetermine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described after the sequence (REFER TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT FOR GUIDANCE TO THIS QUESTION). Adenine nucleotide (A shown in red below) was inserted into the DNA sequence at the position indicated by the arrow). Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the protein?)arrow_forwardRestriction enzymes are used in laboratory manipulations to cut DNA; many of these enzymes can be inactivated by incubating them at 80°C for 30 minutes. Why would this incubation inactivate the enzyme? Why do enzymes not simply operate better at higher temperatures, as other catalysts do?arrow_forward
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS. AZT was one of the first drugs designed to interfere with retroviral DNA synthesis. When cells take up AZT, they convert it to AZT-triphosphate. Explain how AZT interferes with DNA synthesis.arrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the next question. The DNA strand shown below is thought to contain the genetic code for part of an enzyme B-galactosidase which is involved in lactose metabolism. (Read the DNA beginning at the left.) -A-T-A-T-G-G-G-G-C-A-T-G The second amino acid coded from the section of DNA for B-galactosidase is Select one: a. thymine b. tryptophan c. serine d. threoninearrow_forward1) The Nde1 enzyme comes at a concentration of 40 U/ul. According to the manufacturer, the container has enough for 10,000 reactions of 2 ug of DNA, assuming that 1 U/ug of DNA is recommended. How many units in total does the packaging contain? At what concentration in U/ml does the enzyme come? If I had to use 10 U for a reaction of 10 ugs of DNA, how would I serve it? 2) A serially diluted phage solution is used to inoculate an E coli plate in the double-layer plate assay. In 24 hours you count 148 plaques. Considering that the original stock was 0.1, and that you used the sixth dilution of the series, what is the PFU for that phage in this strain of E coli? What is the dilution factor for this plate?arrow_forward
- The difference between ATP and the nucleoside triphosphates used during DNA synthesis is thatarrow_forwardMethyl iodide (CH31) can be used to modify DNA in solution. It takes the following mechanism for this reaction: Step 1. (slow) CHз снз* + г Step 2. (fast) DNA + CH3* > DNA-CH3* Which of the following is true about this reaction and its mechanism? O a. lodide ion (I ") is an intermediate in the reaction. Ob.CH3* is a catalyst of this reaction. O. The activation energy of Step 1 must be lower than the activation energy of Step 2. d. The overall reaction order of the reaction predicted by this mechanism is 1st order. By increasing temperature, the rate constant of Step 1 will increase but the rate constant of Step 2 will е. decrease.arrow_forwardRNA can be hydrolyzed by dilute alkali but not DNA. Why?arrow_forward
- DNA in the form of a double helix must be associated with cations, usually Mg²+ . Why is this requirement the case?arrow_forwardDNA contains thymine rather than uracil. Why is the presence of thymine in DNA advantageous? What effect would the presence of uracil in DNA have on DNA repair?arrow_forwardDNA is damaged when a base from the DNA chain is removed after an alkylation has occurred. In a depurination reaction, the purine nitrogenous base is displaced from its sugar as shown in this reaction. Draw the mechanism for this reaction and suggest a reason why it occurs so easily. HN' P H2N .N H,O HN° + Pi ОН N- H2N° ОН ОН ОН ОНarrow_forward
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