Insulin resistance

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both classified as metabolic syndrome resulted from metabolic dysregulation. Both the obese mothers and the fetuses have shown a higher serum insulin and glucose concentration, which contribute to the high insulin resistance (Catalano et al. 2009 & Boney et al. 2005). However, the high exposure to insulin during utero development encourages fat deposition in the utero to serve as an the energy substrate for the utero, suggests a positive correlation to adiposity, hence,

hypothalamus, neurons residing in the ARC (arcuate nucleus) – PVN (paraventricular) –PF/LH (perifornical/lateral hypothalamus) axis communicate with each other and are subjected to the influence of several peripheral factors, including leptin and insulin (Davis et al. 2010). The action of these hormones on food intake occurs in part by convergence on a specific set of neurons within the ARC (Elmquist et al. 1998, Abizaid & Horvath 2008) that contains neuronal populations expressing orexigenic neuropeptide

years). Gomes et al. reported mean age at onset of DM as 25.67 ± 11.25 years in AGPAT2 group compared to 11.93 ± 8.29 years in BSCL2 (669insA Seipin) group (p=0.007) (49). Diabetes mellitus in CGL was ketosis-resistant, with higher insulin levels and higher insulin resistance reported in BSCL2 than in AGPAT2 patients (49). Acquired generalized lipodystrophy was characterized by female predominance. Patients with AGL had normal fat distribution at birth, however developed generalized loss of subcutaneous

It is a condition that occurs when the body cannot provide enough insulin or cannot use the insulin that is produced effectively. Insulin is what allows glucose to enter the body’s cells for energy so without it, too much glucose stays in the blood stream. The insulin is what regulates blood sugar and without it, it can cause damage to the body. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 is caused when the pancreas cannot produce insulin and is less common in diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM)

Europe and the US ranges from 6 to 28% (Matias et al., 2013). Obesity accompanying pregnancy is considered as a significant risk factor. According to separate prospective studies, obesity is associated with the changes in the pregnant body. Increased insulin, androgen and leptin adversely affect the functioning of the reproductive system during pregnancy (Shub et al., 2013). Analysis of several studies has shown that the incidence of health issues in pregnant women with disorders of lipid metabolism is

Results Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants From a total of 249 study participants, 220(88.4%) were included in the study. Out of them 193(87.7%) were male and the mean (SD) age of the participants was 30.2(5.5) with a minimum and maximum of 22 and 56 years, respectively. Regarding marital status, 3(1.4%) study participants were divorced and they were merged with married category during analysis. Socio-demographic data of the study participants are stratified by marital

Lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. A cellular mechanism of this lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance has yet to be discovered. The Randle model proposes lipid oxidation raises mitochondrial [acetyl-CoA]/ [acetyl CoA] and [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios. This is because acetyl-CoA and NADH are allosteric inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). PDH converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, thus linking the processes of glycolysis and citric

The Process of Aging April 6th 1944 in her home in Jacksonville, IL Mary Lee Elizabeth Smith was born. This is my grandma. At 71 years old she is the youngest of 8 children. She herself had 6 kids before having a tubal ligation at the age of 27, which resulted in two adhesions that had wrapped around her colon. Other surgical procedures include getting her tonsils out at sixteen years old, the removal of a benign “knot” from her neck, a cyst removal from under her arm and bunion removal. She currently

increase in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder that has been linked to the development of many chronic diseases such as type two diabetes. The purpose of conducting this study was to examine how exercise and/or nutrition can effect the reversal of insulin resistance. Through the compilation of peer reviewed journals, data on the reversal of insulin resistance through diet and/or exercise was gathered. It was found that the development of insulin resistance and the reversal

experiment in a lab in Tokyo, Japan with six-week-old ICR mice that were held at a temperature of 22.2 °C, humidity of 60.5%, and under 12h light/12h dark. The researchers conducted experiments which used high-fat diet as free-feeding condition. Because insulin and leptin levels are increased, and adiponectin levels are decreased they measured the levels of serum, leptin, and adiponectin to test for metabolic syndrome.