Diaminofluorene Lab Report

Anatomical features are greatly responsible for the popularity of Daphnia. The most prominent anatomical feature of Daphnia is transparency; many organs, including the heart’s beating, are visible with the human eye. Additionally, the head of Daphnia have a compound eye and antennae, both used to improve swimming performance (Chin, 2011; Corotto, 2010). Another notable feature of Daphnia is the overall body shape that resembles a human kidney (Chin,

The materials used to preform the lab include; living Daphnia, water, 3 pieces of thread, slide and cover slides, microscope, alcohol substance. The pieces of thread will be used to keep the Daphnia in place on the slide under the microscope. Placing the Daphnia under the microscope we were able to see the heart located on the upper part of the Daphnia. With the transparent structure of the Daphnia. We are able to visually see the solution affecting the heart beats. Before applying the solution we took the three readings of the normal Daphnia heart rate for 15 seconds and multiply the number by 4 to collect the number of 1 minute. After we applied the same method observing the heart beat affected by the solution and recorded the heart beats

When fresh G.semen homogenate (“FH” treatments) was used we also observed the slight increase of daphnids body length after 72 h exposure (Fig. 5), but it was not statistically significant (P=0.108 – 0.231, Mann-Whitney U

The Axolotl has feathery gills and a flattened shaped head. The Axolotl is endangerd and almost exctinct. The Axolotl weights 60g-200g and can be 15cm-45cm long. The Axolotl along with young tiger salamanders are confused. The Axolotl is found mainly in lakes near mexico and central mexico

Daphnia are small, planktonic crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5 mm in length. Daphnia are members of the order Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called water fleas because of their saltatory swimming style (although fleas are insects and thus only very distantly related). They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and rivers.In the water flea Daphnia, the single, small heart is easily visible when viewed under transmitted light under a low power

Each solution contained different concentrations as follows: 0.005 mg/mL, 0.010 mg/mL, 0.015 mg/mL, 0.020 mg/mL, and 0.025 mg/mL. Each solution needed to have a volume of 10 mL. Before adding the different concentrations of Coomassie Blue into their separate tubes, the formula C1V1= C2V2 was used in order to determine how much stock solution is needed for the five dilute solutions. Once that number was calculated, a pipette was used to add the amount of stock solution needed for each tube. We then subtracted the amount of stock solution from 10 mL to determine the amount of H2O needed. The calculated amount of H2O was then added to each tube of solution. After doing that, a spectrophotometer was used to determine each solution’s relative absorbance. However, before that, we first had to calibrate the spectrophotometer before determining each solution’s relative absorbance. In order to calibrate the spectrophotometer, a disposable culture tube filled with distilled water was used. We then changed the data rate to 100 and removed the tube with water. In order to determine the relative absorbance, the relative absorbance had to be at 595 nm. Also, during this experiment, an unknown dilution was given to us by the lab instructor. We determined the relative absorbance by using the spectrophotometer and then recorded the results. The procedures for this experiment can be found on page 8 of

On this image, we see the external dorsal side of a preserved crayfish. As part of the largest animal phylum the Arthropoda, the body of the crayfish is segmented, with jointed appendages and exoskeleton. The paired antennae (1) are long appendages located the front of the mouth and modified for help the animal to sense touch and taste. The antennules (2) are shorter, also paired with the same function but they also help to maintain balance. The chelipeds (3) are located on the front of the thorax, and they are responsible for defence and grasping food. On the at ventral part of the thorax, we found four pairs of walking legs (4), with these legs the crayfish changes locations on the bottom of freshwater lakes, streams and also on land. They

The smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata (Latham 1794) species are a large batoid elasmobranch that prefers very specific habitats (Simpfendorfer et al., 2010). They are also a K-selected species, which means that the smalltooth have a late maturity, a small pup size and a slow growth rate (Seitz & Poulakis, 2006). The smalltooth sawfish species can be identified from the undefined or undeveloped lower caudal fin (Gómez-Rodríguez et al., 2014). Another identifier is the first dorsal fin is in line with the beginning of the pelvic fin (Gómez-Rodríguez et al., 2014). Unlike the other sawfish, the P. pectinata have about 20 to 34 rostral teeth on the saw, which is more than most species (Gómez-Rodríguez et al., 2014).

According to Ebert (2005), Daphnia magna are a species from the arthropoda phylum and are crustaceans. Daphnia are very small organisms, with males being smaller than females, found in standing freshwater sources around the world. These water sources can be in any area or environment, except for the extreme cases, like a hot spring. They have 10 flat, leaf-like appendages used to help them swim and filter water and materials. Their bodies are surrounded by an uncalcified shell, which can be thought of as a soft membrane. Daphnia have a transparent body, therefore it’s easy to see their heart, located dorsally, and the brood chamber which may contain eggs. Their heart in generally beats at about 200 bpm. It also is easy to see their blood due

Adaptations: A long snout to catch prey, and a long curly tail to grab coral and sea grass due to high current pressure.

The Palaemonetes vulgaris were brought back to the lab in buckets. Then the Palaemonetes vulgaris were measured for their length. Calipers were used to measure from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the telson for the total body length to the nearest 0.1 mm. On that same specimen, for the carapace length, calipers were used to measure from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the carapace to the nearest 0.1 mm. Then the specimens were placed into a discard bucket so they weren’t measured twice. The Palaemonetes vulgaris are released back into their native home after all needed measurements were recorded. The recorded measurements of twenty-five Palaemonetes vulgaris were placed into a Excel spreadsheet, to calculate the average total length (mm) to be compared with a previously collected dataset from Fort DeSoto.

This week in lab we focused on reducing Ketones to Secondary Alcohol’s. Hydride reducing agents such as LiAlH4 and NaBH4 react with ketones to produce 2o alcohol. In our experiments, we used NaBH4 as it is a milder reducing agent and can be used in protic solvents such as ethanol. The first week a reaction was carried out using 9-fluorenone as the ketone. And the second my group and I used a variety of ketones to see how they reacted differently.

Three ECG leads were attached in the toad body. A thin wire attached to the alligator clip of the positive lead was inserted through the muscle wall of the ventricle, far enough to avoid touching the bend pin. The negative lead was attached to right collar bone. Finally, the earth lead as attached to right hind-limb.

This shows that there are some other affects of the mammalian dive response other than just bradycardia. When looking at a study done by Hochachka and Mottishaw on dive responses of phocids and otariids, there was quite a different take on the dive response shown. These animals show a lot more advanced dive response with an increased number of factors playing a role than what humans have. Although, there are some mechanisms that humans do share with whales, penguins and seals (Seedhouse 2002). These mechanisms include vasoconstriction, preferential shunting/blood shifts/thoracic filling, and bradycardia (Seedhouse 2002). Studying these other factors could have improved the results of this paper. Another variable that would have made this study better would have been one that involved water temperature. Colder water has been reported to show a lot more of a decrease in heart rate. This could have had an affect on the data recorded in this study. Another important factor would have been to focus also on vasoconstriction. Sterba and Lundgren found that there was a much greater affect on blood flow then heart rate change. Schagatay and Andersson also tested different levels of fitness in humans to see if this had any affect on the diving response. This showed that the better shape a person is in results in a slightly increased diving response. Any of these extra tests would have made this paper stronger. The overall results showed a dive

It was about 10 feet long and weighed about 1000 pounds, making it smaller yet heavier than its previous ancestor the Ambulocetus. Similar to its previous ancestor the Rodhocetus was able to drag its body along the ground for short periods of time, however it mainly resided in water. Its nose had evolved to a snout which aided in the hunting of squids and fish, the primary sources of energy in its