Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 17, Problem 3RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The definition of the following terms:
1. Point mutation.
2. Transition mutation.
3. Transversion mutation.
4. Silent mutation.
5. Missense mutation.
Introduction:
Mutations refer to the random alterations of the
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Question 1.
Enzymes, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
macromolecules. Enzymes are not only speed up the reaction, but also are necessary for DNA
repreduction.
are important biological
a) Compare the process of protein synthesis between eukaryote mRNA and viral RNA
b) With the aid of a diagram, draw an adapter molecule that recognizes the codons of mRNA
and explain its functions in DNA translation.
If Adenine was added where Guanine should have been added, this would be an example of a
___________________ mutation.
QUESTION NO. 1
Patients with the rare genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are very sensitive to light and are highly susceptible to skin cancers. The study of such patients has enhanced our knowledge of DNA repair because XP is caused by defective DNA repair nucleotide excision repair. (A variant, XP-V, is deficient in postreplication repair.) In nucleotide excision repair
A. removal of the damaged bases occurs on only one strand of the DNA.
B. only thymine dimers generated by UV light can be removed .
C. the excision nuclease is an exonuclease.
D. a single multifunctional enzyme carries out the repair process.
E. only the damaged nucleotides are removed.
QUESTION NO.2
Homologous recombination:
A. occurs only between two segments from the same DNA molecule.
B. requires that a specific DNA sequence be present.
C. requires one of the duplexes undergoing recombination be nicked in both strands.
D. involves a…
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
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- QUESTION 8 Consider the pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine in Neurospora: ARG-E → citrulline ARG-F ARG-H ornithine argininosuccinate arginine Mutant strains of Neurospora may carry one or more mutations. Neurospora mutant strain b is grown on minimal media plus supplements as shown. Growth is shown by (+) and no growth is shown by (o). Supplements ornithine mutant nothing citrulline arginino- succinate arginine strain What can you conclude from these data? O Strain a has only one mutation and it is in ARG-E. O Strain b has only one mutation and it is in ARG-H. O Strain a has a mutation in ARG-F and strain b has a mutation in ARG-E. O Strain b has mutations in ARG-E, ARG-F, and ARG-H. + +arrow_forwardAn inappropriate base change that has no discernible effect is called a _____________ mutation.arrow_forward. ___________________________ factors are proteins thatregulate or initiate RNA synthesis by binding directly orindirectly to specific DNA sequences called responseelements.arrow_forward
- QUESTION 48 Identify the best match between the mutation description and term. a. Synonymous mutation: has the potential to cause large changes in transcription and subsequence amino acid sequence due to reading frameshifts b. Nonsense mutation: causes a drastic change in phenotype because the change causes a premature stop in the amino acid sequence c. Indel: a change in the DNA that changes the codon code from one amino acid to another amino acid d. Missense mutation: results in a change in single nucleotide from a purine to another purine or a pyrimidine to another pyrimidine but does not change the amino acid sequencearrow_forwardSequence changes in DNA are called ______________.arrow_forwardQuestion 47 (a) Use the following figure to determine the changes to the amino acids that correspond to the normal and mutated DNA sequences. Normal DNA sequence: 3 CAT TCA AAC ATT 5 Mutated DNA sequence: 3 CAT AGT GAG GTC 5 (Hint: Write the mRNA first, then identify the amino acids.) (b) What type of mutation is shown? First base of codon U C A G U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA Met ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Phe -Leu Leu lle Second base of codon A C Val -Ser Pro Thr Ala UAUTYT туг UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG. His Gin AAU AAC Asn AAA GAUT GAC GAA GAG Asp G AAGLYS AGG. GGU GGC GGA GGG Glu UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Bys A Trp G U C -Arg AGU AGC AGA аса за Ser Arg U C Gly AG A U C A G U C A G Third base of codonarrow_forward
- Question #3: CRISPR has been used to cure an individual from sickle cell. Below is a Sanger electropherogram of a sequence from a patient without sickle cell and one with sickle cell. Sequence from a normal individual mmmm Sequence from the diseased individual G T GIIC A GC A Se SCIENCEphe A G A SCIENCE SCIENCEphoto G a) Where is the change in the sequence and what is the consequence to the protein sequence of this mutation? b) Below is an image of the normal and diseased quaternary hemoglobin protein. What is different about the protein shape and why does that structure have a huge impact on its function (please name the function!)? Adult haemogBRAR G G G G A G Sickle Cell haemoglobin S Structure a s RARY COLIBRARY c) If you were to use CRISPR to modify the genome of a diseased individual, to which nucleotides might you design your guide RNA? Why? d) RNA Seq is used to determine off-target effects of Cas9 cleavage. Why is this an appropriate tool to determine these effects? e) Data on…arrow_forwardThe genome’s functional gene products are either _____________ or _____________.arrow_forwardQuestion 43 The addition of restriction endonucleases in the cloning process is done following the ligation with DNA ligase. A) True B) Falsearrow_forward
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