Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321971371
Author: Leroy G. Wade, Jan W. Simek
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22.7A, Problem 22.18P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Mechanism for the aldol condensation of cyclohexanone is to be proposed. Whether the equiulibrium favor the reactant or the product is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
In base-catalysed aldol condensation, nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion takes place on a carbonyl group. In first step, an alpha proton is removed to produce enolate ion. It adds to the carbonyl group. In the next step, protonation of alkoxide gives the aldol product.
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2
H3C
H3C
H
C→XT
OH
H3C
The aldol reaction is a carbonyl condensation reaction between two carbonyl partners and involves a combination of nucleophilic addition
and a-substitution steps. One partner is converted into an enolate ion nucleophile and adds to the electrophilic carbonyl group of the
second partner. In the classic aldol reaction, the carbonyl partners are aldehydes or ketones, although aldehydes are more reactive. The
product is a ß-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
base
:0:
OH
H
H
Under reaction conditions slightly more vigorous than those employed for the aldol reaction, the ß-hydroxyl group is eliminated in an E1cB
dehydration to give an a,ß-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.
Arrow-pushing Instruct ns
H3C
heat
OH
H3C
:0:
H
+ H₂O
H
Propose an appropriate intermediate for the following reaction
What is the product formed when each dicarbonyl compound undergoes an intramolecular
aldol reaction, followed by dehydration.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
Ch. 22.2A - Prob. 22.2PCh. 22.4 - Without looking back, propose a mechanism for the...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.8PCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.9PCh. 22.5A - Prob. 22.10PCh. 22.5A - Prob. 22.11PCh. 22.5B - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22.5B - Predict the products of the following reactions....Ch. 22.5B - Which compounds will give positive iodoform tests?...Ch. 22.5C - Propose a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...
Ch. 22.5C - Acid-catalyzed halogenation is synthetically...Ch. 22.6 - Show the products of the reactions of these...Ch. 22.7A - Prob. 22.18PCh. 22.7A - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22.7A - Prob. 22.20PCh. 22.7B - Prob. 22.21PCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.22PCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.24PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.25PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.26PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.27PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.28PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.29PCh. 22.10 - When cyclodecane-1,6-dione is treated with sodium...Ch. 22.11 - Prob. 22.32PCh. 22.11 - Prob. 22.33PCh. 22.12 - Prob. 22.34PCh. 22.12 - Prob. 22.35PCh. 22.12 - Prob. 22.36PCh. 22.12 - Prob. 22.37PCh. 22.12 - Show what esters would undergo Claisen...Ch. 22.13 - Prob. 22.39PCh. 22.13 - Prob. 22.40PCh. 22.14 - Prob. 22.41PCh. 22.14 - Prob. 22.42PCh. 22.14 - Show how crossed Claisen condensations could be...Ch. 22.14 - Prob. 22.44PCh. 22.14 - Prob. 22.45PCh. 22.15 - Prob. 22.46PCh. 22.16 - Prob. 22.47PCh. 22.16 - Prob. 22.48PCh. 22.17 - Prob. 22.49PCh. 22.17 - Prob. 22.50PCh. 22.17 - Prob. 22.51PCh. 22.18 - Prob. 22.52PCh. 22.18 - Prob. 22.53PCh. 22.18 - Prob. 22.54PCh. 22.18 - Prob. 22.55PCh. 22.18 - Prob. 22.56PCh. 22.19 - Prob. 22.57PCh. 22.19 - Prob. 22.58PCh. 22.19 - Prob. 22.59PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.60SPCh. 22 - 1. Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.62SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.63SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.64SPCh. 22 - Pentane-2,4-dione (acetylacetone) exists as a...Ch. 22 - a. Rank these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.67SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68SPCh. 22 - 22-69 Predict the products of the following...Ch. 22 - Predict the products of these reaction sequences.Ch. 22 - Show how you would accomplish the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.72SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.73SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74SPCh. 22 - The Knoevenagel condensation is a special case of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.76SPCh. 22 - Propose mechanisms for the following reactions.Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.78SPCh. 22 - Show how you would accomplish the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.80SPCh. 22 - Propose a mechanism for the following reaction....Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.83SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.84SPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.85SP
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- What is the mechanism for this Aldol reaction?arrow_forwardbase 2 H3C H H3C OH heat H H3C + H₂O H The aldol reaction is a carbonyl condensation reaction between two carbonyl partners and involves a combination of nucleophilic addition and a-substitution steps. One partner is converted into an enolate ion nucleophile and adds to the electrophilic carbonyl group of the second partner. In the classic aldol reaction, the carbonyl partners are aldehydes or ketones, although aldehydes are more reactive. The product is a ẞ-hydroxy carbonyl compound. Under reaction conditions slightly more vigorous than those employed for the aldol reaction, the ẞ-hydroxyl group is eliminated in an E1CB dehydration to give an a,ẞ-unsaturated carbonyl compound. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions X :OH H₂O: а کی H₂C H H₂C H Harrow_forwardWhy is the Aldol reaction often called an Aldol condensation? 1) The initially formed b-hydroxy carbonyl compound loses an oxygen atom 2) The initially formed b-hydroxy carbonyl compound loses a hydrogen atom 3) The initially formed b-hydroxy carbonyl compound loses water 4) The initially formed b-hydroxy carbonyl compound loses a hydroxyl grouparrow_forward
- Provide a chemical reaction on how the following compounds can be synthesized via aldol condensation. note that the starting reactants should be benzaldehyde and a ketonearrow_forwardI H H3C NOC XT :0: MET H₂C base H3C The aldol reaction is a carbonyl condensation reaction between two carbonyl partners and involves a combination of nucleophilic addition and a-substitution steps. One partner is converted into an enolate ion nucleophile and adds to the electrophilic carbonyl group of the second partner. In the classic aldol reaction, the carbonyl partners are aldehydes or ketones, although aldehydes are more reactive. The product is a ß-hydroxy carbonyl compound. H OH q H3C H₂C H Under reaction conditions slightly more vigorous than those employed for the aldol reaction, the ß-hydroxyl group is eliminated in an E1cB dehydration to give an a,ß-unsaturated carbonyl compound. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions heat H H + H₂Oarrow_forwardDraw the structure of the major aldol product (prior to possible dehydration) of the following reaction without specifying stereochemistry. 0 dilute aqueous NaOH 0-5° • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • If no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material. ChemDoodle 3barrow_forward
- Benzalacetone is a side product formed in the aldol condensation of dibenzalacetone. Show the reaction mechanism of how this side product, Benzalacetone, is formed.arrow_forwardDraw the product formed when each dicarbonyl compound undergoes an intramolecular aldol reaction followed by dehydration, when possible.arrow_forwardWhat are the products of an aldol cyclization for the following compound?arrow_forward
- What is the general name for the reaction product formed in an aldol addition reaction? O y-Hydroxy carbonyl compound a,B-Hydroxy carbonyl compound O a-Hydroxy carbonyl compound O B-Hydroxy carbonyl compoundarrow_forward5. Propose a mechanism for the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the nitrile. H₂O NaOH CEN 6. Propose a mechanism for aldol reaction. HiM Н н NaOH H₂Oarrow_forwardPropose a mechanism for the reaction of benzyl acetate with methylamine. Label theattacking nucleophile and the leaving group, and draw the transition state in which theleaving group leaves.arrow_forward
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