Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 24, Problem 17TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
Whether the construction of parsimonious phylogenetic trees is more consistent with the predictions of phyletic gradualism theory or with the punctuated equilibrium theory.
Introduction:
A phylogenetic tree or an evolutionary tree is a diagram, representing the lines of evolutionary descendants from their common ancestors. This tree helps in studying the relationship between the proteins, organs, genes, and other features that are derived from the ancestors over the period of time.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Based on the past activities about constructing of phylogenetic trees, how do you distinguish characteristics between primitive and derived characteristics? provide and example to your answer
Look at picture attached
A) What does the phylogeny suggest about the evolutionary process that led to the trait differences by habitat?
a. convergent evolution
b. adaptive radiation
c. phenotypic plasticity
B) Choose different functional forms from two of the habitats shown in the collage and describe how one or more differences in form may represent an adaptation to their different environment. Example: compare plant form for lobeliads in montane bog to cloud forest understory
Below is an example of a particular kind of phylogenetic tree called a chronogram. Chronoograms are named because the length of the branches represents different lengths of time. Nodes are represented by vertical lines, and branches with horizontal ones. They can be arranged horizontally, with the most recent evolutions on the right.
Given this information, the taxa that is most closely related to Dubautia ciliolata c. 529 (highlighted below) is _________________ (make sure to type exactly the same characters, including the numbers; do not italicize).
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24.1 - How does the system of binomial nomenclature...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.2 - What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree...Ch. 24.2 - What are the differences between a monophyletic...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.5 - How does outgroup comparison facilitate the...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 24.6 - What assumption underlies the use of genetic...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 24.7 - Prob. 2SBCh. 24 - The evolutionary history of a group of organisms...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 24 - Which of the following does not help systematists...Ch. 24 - In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 24 - When systematists study morphological or...Ch. 24 - Which of the following pairs of structures are...Ch. 24 - To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 24 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 24 - Imagine that you are a systematist studying a...Ch. 24 - Design an Experiment Imagine that you are trying...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 24 - The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae)...
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- Phylogenetic trees are diagrams used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. _______ trees have a single ancestral line to which all organisms in the diagram relate to. ______ do not have a common ancestor but do show relationships among species.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8. Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C? Question options: The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most recent common ancestor at node 1. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the…arrow_forwardPlease compare these phylogenetic trees and choose the most accurate statement about whether they are the same tree or not. A a Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. b с DCBE d E A They are not the same because the overall shape looks different. They are not the same because they show different relationships among species. Nodes have been rotated but the species relationships are the same. They are the same because they have the same species at their tips. D C Barrow_forward
- Do you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about a phylogenetic tree? It provides a drawing the reflects the proven relationships between living and extinct species. b It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between extinct species. c It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between living and extinct species. d It a diagram used by scientists that provides a model of evolutionary relationships without the need for scientific data.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are constructed based on Group of answer choices a. shared ancestral characters b. vestigial characters c. homoplastic characters d. cartoon characters e. shared derived characters f. shady charactersarrow_forward
- Use the information and model to answer the following question. Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8. A CDE F GH в I 2 |5 Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C? O A. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the same height. O B. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2. C. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch c because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors. D. The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they…arrow_forwardUse this diagram to answer questions 6-7 Outgroup Cow Deer Hippo Pig Peccary Camel Whale (b) Outgroup Cow Deer Whale Hippo Pig Peccary Camel 6. According to the rule of maximum parsimony, is it MORE LIKELY that whales lost their hooves or that pigs, deer, cattle, and camels independently gained hooves? 7. Phylogenetic trees can change depending on which trait or gene sequence you use to classify the organisms (see the diagram above). How is this possible? Hint: you can use the terms mosaic evolution or haplotype in your answerarrow_forwardWhen constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forward
- create a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different Phyla. Take note that some characters may be secondarily lost during the evolution of these different. there is a photo of example of cladogram belowarrow_forwardWhich of the phylogenetic trees below represent the same evolutionary relationships? Tree 1 Tree 2 Tree 3 D В D G ·E O Tree 1 and Tree 3 O Tree 1 and Tree 2 O Tree 2 and Tree 3 All three represent the same relationships O No two trees represent the same relationshipsarrow_forwardFor novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram.arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license