Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 39, Problem 5TYK
The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to:
a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the inside of themembrane becomes momentarily positive.
b. decrease the resting membrane potential to zero.
c. hyperpolarize the membrane above resting value.
d. cause an action potential to enter a refractory period.
e. maintain the resting membrane potential at a constantnegative value.
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Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The resting membrane potential refers to the voltage difference across the membranes of excitable cells at rest. b. The concentration of Na+ is highest in the cytosol, and the concentration of K+ is highest in the extracellular fluid. c. The Na+>K+ pumps and gated channels maintain the Na+ and K+ gradients necessary for action potentials to occur. d. A depolarization is a change in membrane potential that makes the potential less negative. e. A local potential is a change in membrane potential that conducts the long-distance signals of the nervous system
The resting membrane potential results fromA. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only.B. differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ onlyC. activity of the sodium/potassium pump only.D. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane, differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+, and sodium/potassium pump activity
The resting membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell is a. equal to the potassium equilibrium potential. b. equal to the sodium equilibrium potential. c. somewhat less negative than the potassium equilibrium potential. d. somewhat more positive than the sodium equilibrium potential. e. not changed by stimulation.
Chapter 39 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 39 - An example of a synapse could be the site where:...Ch. 39 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 39 - The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause...Ch. 39 - In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the...Ch. 39 - Which of the following does not contribute to...Ch. 39 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 39 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 39 - You learned in this chapter that Na+/K+ active...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 39 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardThe accelerating flow of _______ ions through gated channels across the membrane triggers an action potential. a. potassium b. sodium c. hydrogen d. a and barrow_forwardAction potentials occur when ______. a. potassium gates close b. a stimulus pushes membrane potential to threshold c. sodium-potassium pumps become active d. neurotransmitter is reabsorbedarrow_forward
- Match the description with the statement that best describes the following statements hyperpolarization repolarization depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)arrow_forwardWhich of the following primarily reflects the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels? A. The resting membrane potential B. The depolarization phase of the action potential C. The threshold potential D. The repolarization phase of the action potential E. All of the abovearrow_forwardDuring the depolarization phase of an action potential, the permeability of the plasma membrane toa. Ca2+increases. c. K+ increases. e. Na+ decreases.b. Na+ increases. d. Ca2+decreases.arrow_forward
- atch the description with the statement that best describes the following statements hyperpolarization repolarization depolarization A. usually corresponds to opening of voltage-gated potassium channels B. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more positive than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to +35mV) C. any change in the membrane potential that moves the membrane potential to a value more negative than the resting potential (eg from -70mV to -85mV)arrow_forwardEpilepsy is a condition which results in seizures stemming from excessive or abnormal activity of neurons. This can occur either from hyperexcitability of excitatory neurons, or impairment of inhibitory neurons. That is to say, either the excitatory pathways become overactive, or the inhibitory pathways, designed to temper the excitatory pathways, are not active enough. Much of the research done on epilepsy focuses on voltage-gated sodium channels, and to date over 700 different mutations to the channel have been identified as playing a role in epilepsy. The means by which these mutations contribute to epilepsy is quite complex, but for the sake of this CAL, let's simplify and apply what we have learned so far to identify potential mechanisms for this condition. In what way could voltage-gated sodium channels be affected in excitatory neurons which would increase the likelihood of the neuron firing an action potential? (one correct answer) The inactivation gate is slower to close. The…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about hyperpolarization is true? a. it is not an increase in membrane potential b. causes the voltage of the internal membrane towards zero c. inside the membrane becomes more positive than resting potential d. lowers the probability of producing an action potential e. none of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential? A. At the peak of the action potential there are approximately an equal amount of open voltage gated sodium and potassium channels B. To reach threshold the action potential requires the activity of sodium potassium pump C. During the rising phase (prior to the peak) of the action potential more voltage gated sodium channels are open than voltage gated potassium channels D. None of the choice options are TRUE of the action potential E. The overshoot phase (below resting membrane potential) is a result of voltage gated sodium channels taking a long time to close.arrow_forwardDuring the depolarization phase of an action potential, the permeability of the membranea. to K+ is greatly increased.b. to Na+ is greatly increased.c. to Ca2+is greatly increased.d. is unchanged.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)? A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane. B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP. C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP. D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels . E. All of the above statements are FALSE.arrow_forward
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