Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The genetic material of the prokaryotes is not present in any membrane-bound organelle. It is present freely inside the cytoplasm. This freely floating genetic material in prokaryotes is called nucleoid.
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Which of the following is not true concerning the mitochondria and chloroplasts and is not evidence in support of the Endosymbiotic Theory?
Both divide independently of the eukaryotic cell they are within
Both contain their own DNA in a single, circular chromosome
Both can survive independently when removed from a eukaryotic cell
Both are about the same size as a bacteria
All of the following statements help support the Theory of Endosymbosis EXCEP{T:
Group of answer choices
mitochondria and chloroplasts have molecules that are found in bacteria but not eukaryotic cells
mitochondria and chloroplasts divide just like bacteria do
If you gently pull mitochondria out of cells, they can live freely
scientists have observed larger cells living symbiotically with small cells living inside them
mitochondria and chloroplasts have genes that are like modern bacteria
13
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and the DNA of free-living photosynthesizing bacteria called
cyanobacteria have been found to share a high number of similarities.
Which of the following claims best supports this finding?
A Chloroplasts act as a reserve for some of the extra cpDNA of the cell.
B
с
D
Chloroplasts are believed to have originated from an endosymbiosis event.
Chloroplasts have the capacity to exist as free-living bacteria outside of the cell.
Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria evolved independently.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 4.1 - With regard to the origin of life, why are...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2BCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2BCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.5 - What is the function of the nuclear lamina and the...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.6 - What is the advantage of having a highly...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.8 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.9 - Which of the following could be found in a...Ch. 4.9 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4 - The cell theory states that all living things are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2TYCh. 4 - Prob. 3TYCh. 4 - Prob. 4TYCh. 4 - Prob. 5TYCh. 4 - Prob. 6TYCh. 4 - Prob. 7TYCh. 4 - Prob. 8TYCh. 4 - Prob. 9TYCh. 4 - Prob. 10TYCh. 4 - Describe two specific ways that protein-protein...Ch. 4 - Explain how motor proteins and cytoskeletal...Ch. 4 - A principle of biology is that structure...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 4 - Prob. 2CBQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Scientists explain the existence of mitochondria and chloroplasts with the endosymbiotic hypothesis. What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis? Give two pieces of evidence for it.arrow_forwardIn lecture, we discussed the endosymbiont theory that describes the evolutionary origins of mitochondria and chloroplast. A few scientists think that peroxisomes also have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin, although most scientists disagree with this hypothesis. Which of the following hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes evolved from bacteria? Discovering that eukaryotic cells cannot live without peroxisomes. All of these hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin. Identifying the presence of DNA within peroxisomes. Determining that the majority of proteins in peroxisomes have eukaryotic origin.arrow_forwardI have a pet amoeba. It's name is Stretch. I look at stretch every day with my microscope, feed it, play with it, etc., like any good pet owner would. But one day, I notice that Stretch is really stretching out! And a few minutes later, Stretch has turned into two. Amoebas reproduce through mitosis, where they replicate all of their internal biology, then split themselves into two, each new cell carrying everything it needs to survive. Which one is Stretch? Both? How can that be, since things are only identical to themselves? We wouldn't call identical twins the same person, even though they are very similar to one another. Are neither Stretch? One but not the other? How would we determine that? Explain whatever it is that you think is true, and back it up with some reasoning. Be sure your response is at least 300 words. Like usual, find a classmate that youarrow_forward
- which of the following sentences are NOT correct about mitochondria: is found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is not found in some cells such as liver cells is generate most the cell's supply ATP O is a double membrane-bound organelle which of the following are NOT correct about prokaryotic organisms is reproduction by binary fission is have linear DNA is have flagella made of tubulin is have nuclear bodyarrow_forwardWhich of the following do Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes NOT have in common? Select all that apply. Shared metabolic pathways Similar apparatus for conservation of chemical energy as ATP contain a membrane bound nucleus Have different genome characteristics. Bacteria have circular chromosomes, and Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes Cvtoskeletal filaments Cell division. Bacteria divide by binary fission, and Eukaryotes divide by mitosis and meiosisarrow_forwardEukaryotic cells undergo mitosis, which produces two identical daughter cells. These cells are identical to each other and to the original parent cell. From the options below, select ALL of the reasons why a eukaryotic cell undergoes mitosis and the cell cycle. A - repair of damaged cells B - production of gametes for sexual reproduction C - replacement of lost cells D - asexual reproduction E - growth of the organismarrow_forward
- The theory of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts was first proposed by the biologist Lynn Which of the following statements provides support for the theory of endosymbiosis? 1. All the genes found in chloroplasts are homologous to genes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. 2. Mitochondria contain their own ribosomes. 3. Proteins need a targeting sequence to be imported into a chloroplast. 4. Mitochondria can generate a proton gradient and harness it to synthesize ATP. O A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.arrow_forwardSerial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life. Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection. State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following options correctly describes the functions of both cilia and flagella? Excretion Protection Locomotion Body’s defense BENTEN: During meiosis I, pairs of homologous chromosomes align randomly along the metaphase plate before being separated. This process helps generate genetic variation in the offspring of sexual reproduction. Which of the following best explains how the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis helps generate varied offspring? Random alignment increases the likelihood of crossing over between non-sister chromatids. Random alignment results in the formation of gametes that contain different numbers of chromosomes. Random alignment increases the number of possible chromosome combinations in the gametes. Random alignment results in the formation of some diploid and some haploid gametes.arrow_forward
- Volvox carteri, an volvocine alga, has approximately 2000 somatic cells and only 16 reproductive or germ line cells. The observation that multicellular individuals, like Volvox, have a much smaller subset of germ line cells compared to somatic cells appears to be general rule. Which of the following is the best evolutionary explanation for why this is the case? A) Organisms can biologically only contain a small number of germ line cells as they are always larger than somatic cells. B) Multicellular individuals with a germ line vs. somatic cell line differentiation only evolved a single time, thus all members of this lineage share the same scheme of more soma cells with a much smaller subset of germ line cells. C) Having a smaller subset of reproductive cells helps reduce the likelihood of cheating from evolving, which in turns prevents the collapse of the multicellular individual system. D) None of the above.arrow_forwardThe theory endosymbiosis is important in understanding how mitochondria and eukaryotic cells may have evolved.what structure is central to the concept of endosymbiosisarrow_forwardPeroxisomes, unlike mitochondria or chloroplasts, scarcely resemble free-living organisms, yet biologists have suggested that peroxisomes may also have arisen via endosymbiosis. Assuming peroxisomes evolved from ingested bacteria, choose the features mitochondria retain but peroxisomes apparently lost over hundreds of millions of years: Select all that apply. RNA synthesis oxidation of fatty acids DNA replication protein synthesis replication by division inner and outer membranes ATP synthesisarrow_forward
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