Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4.7, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids are of 20 types that combine in a varied manner to form proteins. The amino acids join together by peptide bonds. Proteins act as major substrates and reactants for the
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Each ribosome is specific for a particular type of protein where the ribosomes of the cytolasm are responsible for the synthesis of proteins that stay in the cell while ribosmes of the ER synthesize secretory proteins.
Select one:
True
False
List the order for the production of a protein for export:
Protein is processed at the Golgi Apparatus
MRNA is translated into amino acid sequence at the ribosome embedded
in RER
Protein is released from cell via Exocytosis
MRNA is transported to the cytoplasm
Gene is transcribed into an mRNA molecule within the nucleus
During protein synthesis, which of the following are involved in the steps that take place in the nucleus and the steps that take place in the cytoplasm?
acetyl transferase
RNA polymerase
FRNA
ribosome
MRNA
TRNA
DNA
amino acids
Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 4.1 - With regard to the origin of life, why are...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2BCCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2BCCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.5 - What is the function of the nuclear lamina and the...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.6 - What is the advantage of having a highly...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4CCCh. 4.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 4.8 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4.8 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4.9 - Which of the following could be found in a...Ch. 4.9 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 4 - The cell theory states that all living things are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2TYCh. 4 - Prob. 3TYCh. 4 - Prob. 4TYCh. 4 - Prob. 5TYCh. 4 - Prob. 6TYCh. 4 - Prob. 7TYCh. 4 - Prob. 8TYCh. 4 - Prob. 9TYCh. 4 - Prob. 10TYCh. 4 - Describe two specific ways that protein-protein...Ch. 4 - Explain how motor proteins and cytoskeletal...Ch. 4 - A principle of biology is that structure...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 4 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Starting from the mRNA that is produced and released into the cytosol, describe in detail how the protein is translated and where this occurs. Protein: Beta Hexoaminidase Final Location in the cell: Lysosomearrow_forwardDescribe the mRNA journey through the cell after the nucleus has given the instructions. Describe how each organelle affects the mRNA journey as it travel through the cell and, ultimately, through the cell membrane. Organelles you should mention include the nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, Golgi body, and plasma/cell membrane.arrow_forwardTrace the path of a protein synthesized on a ribosome attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) as the protein travels to the exterior of the cell. Name all the subcellular structures that the protein passes through. In answering this question, assume that the protein is already produced/synthesized (i.e. don't describe translation).arrow_forward
- Glycophorins are a type of membrane protein found on red blood cells. They allow red blood cells to circulate through the blood vessels without sticking to the walls of the blood vessels or to other cells. Describe how a glycophorin protein would be synthesized by the cell. Include What parts of the cell are involved and what happens at each location. The process of protein synthesis (i.e. transcription, translation, etc).arrow_forwardRibosomes that do not anchor on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation are most likely synthesizing Golgi proteins. synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins. synthesizing lysosomal proteins. synthesizing ER proteins.arrow_forwardMAKE A PROTEIN OR A STEROID AND MAKE IT FUNCTION: BEGINNING AT THE LEVEL OF THE GENE IN THE NUCLEUS DEFINE A GENE THE TRANSCRIBE IT, MOVE IT OUT TO THE RIBOCOMES IN THE CYTOPLASM FOR TRANSLATION. THEN GO THROUGH POST TRANSLATIONAL PORCESSING INVOLVING ALL THE ORGANELLES THAT WE HAVE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. FINALLY AFTER THE PAST TRANSLATIONALLY PROCESSED PROTEIN IS IN IT'S SECRETORY VESICLE TRANSPORT IT TO THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE AND SECRETE IT VIA EXOCYTOSIS, DO NO DRAW THE STEPS!!! YOU MUST WRITE THE STEOS OUT IN DETAIL. UPLOAD YOU WORK IN THE PORTAL PLEASE!arrow_forward
- The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are both membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Which statement describes one way in which the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus work together? The Golgi apparatus assembles mRNA, and the endoplasmic reticulum translates them into proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum assembles mRNA molecules, and the Golgi apparatus translates them into proteins. The Golgi apparatus assembles proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages them. The endoplasmic reticulum assembles proteins and the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages them.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a cellular process of the endoplasmic reticulum and/or the Golgi complex? cellular detoxification ribosome subunit biogenesis glycosylation protein folding/chaperone functionarrow_forwardBelow are the general steps of protein synthesis. What is the correct sequence of protein synthesis? 1-ribosome bonds amino acids together; 2-mRNA leaves the nucleus; 3- tRNA molecules pick up amino acids; 4-DNA double helix unwinds; 5-tRNA anticodon links with mRNA codon; 6-polypeptide chain completed; 7-mRNA binds to ribosome; 8-mRNA transcibedarrow_forward
- A gene normally contains an N' terminal ER signal sequence and an internal stop transfer sequence. The ER signal sequence is recognized and used during the protein trafficking process, as normal. After translation is completed a signal peptidase enzyme cleaves the N' ER signal sequence but the internal sequence is not cleaved. Which of the following figures best represents the orientation of the protein product after translation? N Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular Extracellular N Lumen Lumen Lumen Lumen N' D A C O A Darrow_forwardAlso inside the nucleus is the (chromatin/ chromosomes / nucleolus) which contains ribosomal RNA. The eukaryotic cell contains a variety of structures in the cytoplasm. The (ribosomes / golgi apparatus / mitochondria) are the site of protein synthesis and can be free floating or attached to the ER. The ER exists in two forms. One form contains ribosomes and is termed (rough / bumby / smooth) ER and the other is lacking ribosomes and is termed (silky / smooth / rough) ER. The ER packages substances that are sent to the packaging house of the cell. This organelle is thearrow_forwardLet's say there is a protein that needs to be made and then exported out of the cell by exocytosis. Put the order of events in the correct order. Transport by vesicle to the plasma membrane for exocytosis. Process new protein in the rough ER. Transcribe into mRNA in nucleus. Transport by vesicle from the rough ER to the golgi apparatus for further processing, modifying, and sorting. Translate mRNA into protein on a ribosome attached to the rough ER in the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
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