Literature Review

Strategy-as-practice (S-a-P) is an approach to strategy concerned about what strategic actors actually do and the kinds of activities they do when they strategize (Jarzabkowski, 2003; Johnson, Melin & Whittington, 2003; Whittington, 1996, 2002). Strategy is complex, to illustrate the complexity of the concept of strategy table 1.1 is offered with selected definitions of strategy (Louw & Venter, 2013:9). According to Ehlers and Lazenby (2010:3), “A strategy can therefore be defined as an effort or deliberate action that an organisation implements to outperform its rivals” According to the history, the concept of strategy was in its origin associated with the military (Louw & Venter, 2013:11). “The word strategy has been handed down from the

LITERATURE REVIEW SAMPLE SERIES NO. 7 Thompson, C. J., Locander, W. B., & Pollio, H. R. (1990). The Lived Meaning of Free Choice: An Existential-Phenomenological Description of Everyday Consumer Experiences of Contemporary Married Women. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(3), 346-361. AND Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. & Parasuraman, A. (1993). The Nature and Determinants of Customer Expectations of Service. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(1), 1-12.

Strategic implementation is the process that turns strategies and plans into actions in order to accomplish strategic objectives and goals. It should be considered the blueprint for realizing the organization 's vision. The success of any strategy is solely dependent upon the effectiveness of its implementation and execution. Ram Charan 's New York Times bestseller, Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done, refers to implementation and execution of strategy as a “systematic way of exposing reality and acting on it.”

An absolutely essential factor in strategy implementation is making sure that all of the important stakeholders understand what the organization is trying to do, and how they will do it. Without the transmission of information, plans would only be understood by the small group who where involved in the decision-making process, leaving others isolated and uninformed, meaning there would be no movement and the strategic plan would be doomed. Effective communication is crucial to successful change. It occurs with the encoding of a message by the sender, a decoding by the receiver, and allows for feedback to clarify (Longest & Darr, 2014, p.674). Ginter, Duncan, and Swayne (2013) note that all members need to be engaged for successful implementation of strategic management, meaning information should be disseminated using top down, bottom up, and horizontal methods (p. 389). This essay discusses the use of a structured process to communicate the strategic plan to stakeholders.

This review has got several limitations which authors also acknowledge. Apart from the heterogeneity discussed above, only RCTs compared the thromboprophylaxis methods. This is a major flaw in the review. All-cause mortality is not a good parameter due to the fact major abdominal surgery, age and cancer would be major contributory factors. Disease specific mortality would have been the most appropriate parameter. However, given the small abount of reported PE related mortalities within the considered studies lack the statistical to power. It is also questionable how the authors only managed to consider 3 RCTs. Lack of online database search could be a reason. Considering the 3 RCTs mainly, overall VTE prophylcatic effect of ETP derrived

According to (Kaplan & Norton, 2005) organisation must “recognize that effective strategy execution requires communicating corporate strategy; ensuring that enterprise-level plans are translated into the plans of the various units and departments; executing strategic initiatives to deliver on the grand plan; and aligning employees’ competency development plans, and their personal goals and incentives, with strategic objectives.”

Janssen and O’Brien’s (2014) article from International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning describes how motivation and ability factor into the variation of homework and exam scores. Researchers found that attitudes like procrastination will affect homework grades but not affect exam scores. The study also analyzes the indirect impact homework may have on exam performance. Researchers collected data from 687 college students all enrolled in several different economic courses. Data was collected through surveys in the first two weeks of classes. Students self reported on their motivation. Researchers found that motivation and ability matter, but are independent of one another. Ability can predict both exam and homework grades and homework score is a strong indicator of exam scores. Other major findings include homework related behaviors indirectly effect exam scores and how students approach their homework greatly affects grades as well. A limitation of this study was the inability to separate motivation, attitudes and behavior in order to conclude causation. Some other limitations included the lack of data analyzing motivation as well as the students were all taking a similar class subject whether it was microeconomics, macro, or others. Some strengths of this study include the results being consistent with suggesting homework is beneficial and concluding students enjoy homework that is online because it allows them to work at their own

The implementation of correct strategy in an organization is of vital importance. The reason for this is that strategy helps an organization to reach goals and it helps an organization to prosper. The correct Strategy and implementation also helps an organization to have a competitive advantage over its

The sample of cases have been chosen based upon availability of published academic data; this is yet another drawback of the nature of the field and highlights a need for further research on the subject area. Though there has been an increase in female home-grown radicalisation, the numbers of actual cases of female terrorism are low which means there is not much choice when it comes to picking case studies. Also, as the research area is a fairly recent phenomenon, there are significant gaps in knowledge and so available, academic literature is farce (Qazi, 2011). This reflection may present a problem with the discussions in this literature as the cases are not as detailed as one would

Alcohol related problems is one of today’s contemporary issues, as there are studies that suggest that due to alcohol related problems there are various impacts that it can have to an individual, and it can include social harms and any antisocial behaviour, such as alcohol fuelled violence. This literature review will explore the academic readings, that help assist identity key issues relating to a criminology perspective of alcohol related problems. Ergo, based on past research from the academic readings this literature review will explore prevention strategies that help reduce social harm to the individual and the community, and also the consequences that alcohol can lead to. Also, this

The implementation of correct strategy in an organization is of vital importance. The reason for this is that strategy helps an organization to reach goals and it helps an organization to prosper. The correct Strategy and implementation also helps an organization to have a

Strategy is the key to running a strong, successful, and well-rounded company. Having a sound strategy can make a world of difference when running an organization and the impact that it has cannot be overlooked. Many organizations fail because they do not have a durable strategy in place for their organization. The importance of having a good strategy cannot be stressed enough. Everyone should have a voice in the making of an organizational strategy; it’s good to get all points of views and opinions from top to bottom in an organization. It’s up to the top management to make sure the strategy is implemented and executed. It’s very simple to tell which organizations have good strategies and which ones do not.

Anti-vaccination proponents have largely embedded their energies in promoting doubt in parents, instructing forms of biomedical fear while capitalizing on their spiritual and paranormal belief naivety to enforce the same. These approaches are ensured to make it possible that even with any increase in people’s knowledge and evidence, their rational strength over anti-vaccine movements become a myriad.[Lewandowsky et al. 2013] Decision making becomes a weak thing to do because by looking at both ends, things seem to parallel each other. There those who believe in an unquestionable trust in political figures, doctors and

This Literature Review focuses on the implementation of work -life balance policies and the effects they have on organisations. As defined by Lockwood (2003) work-life balance is “a state of equilibrium in which the demands of both a person’s job and personal life are equal.” This paper will review the consequences work life balance policies have on organisational performance, weighing up the cost and benefits for the organisation when introducing a work life balance policy. It is important to determine if the net impact is positive, and if it is beneficial for organisations to implement work life balance policies. A firm will only implement such policies if it has a positive return on investment. The

Organizations successful at strategy implementation effectively manage six key supporting factors :     1.  Action Planning