Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14.3, Problem 3SB
DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I are used in
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You are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme.
A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning.
B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.
During high stress environments, it has been found that some bacteria activate a genetic mechanism that allows them to incorporate more mutations into the DNA during replication. Would the following two enzymes be impacted by such a mechanism?
(i)DNA polymerase IIIii) Helicase
a) "Out of three E.coli DNA polymerases, DNA polymerases 3 has a high processivity and rate of polymerization and therefore better suited for replication of the genome" What is meant by processivity? how does the DNA polymerase 3 maintain high processivity?
b) What is a replication fork ?. Give the protein/enzymes of a replication fork and describe their function?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.3 - What is the importance of complementary base...Ch. 14.3 - Why is a primer needed for DNA replication? How is...Ch. 14.3 - DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I are used...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.4 - Why is a proofreading mechanism important for DNA...
Ch. 14 - Working on the Amazon River, a biologist isolated...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14 - Pyrimidines built from a single carbon ring are:...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts Eukaryotic chromosomes can be...Ch. 14 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts During replication, an error...Ch. 14 - Design an Experiment Design an experiment using...Ch. 14 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 14 - Prob. 2ITD
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Considering prokaryotes, what term adds nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication?arrow_forwardWhich of the followings statements are true about DNA polymerase? 1.) It can only go in one direction, meaning the lagging strand can't be synthesized continuously. 2.) It cannot start a DNA strand from scratch, so another enzyme is needed to create "primers" as a starting point. 3.) It cannot copy epigenetic marks (such as methyl groups) on its own; these must be "copied" onto the daughter DNA strand by other enzymes after DNA replication. 4.) All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the end-replication problem? Why, in the absence of telomerase, do the ends of linear chromosomes get progressively shorter each time the DNA is replicated?arrow_forward
- What is one enzyme that is involved with DNA replication and how would the absence of this enzyme affect replication of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?arrow_forwardIn the scenario where a single strand break occurs in the DNA replication fork: a) What would happen if RecC failed to bind to the chi site? Explain briefly and draw out the step at which recombinational DNA repair would stall. b) What would happen if RecA failed to bind DNA? Explain briefly and draw out the step at which recombinational DNA repair would stall. c) Draw the resolved product of this Holliday junction if it's cleaved in the direction of the white triangles. Is the result a heteroplex or recombinant? A Strand Invasion Ⓒ Holliday Junction A Resolvearrow_forwardDuring DNA replication in E. coli, which enzyme forms the phosphodiester bond between an RNA primer and the first incoming deoxyribonucleotide for an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand? topoisomerase DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA polymerase II DNA ligase Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is typically characterized by which of the following features? it is more common in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes it contains introns, but no exons it contains more exons than introns it contains exons, but no introns it contains more introns than exonsarrow_forward
- In terms of the new DNA strands that are generated, what are the differences between replication and conventional polymerase chain reaction?arrow_forwardWhat enzymatic features of DNA polymerase prevent it from replicating one of the DNA strands at the ends of linear chromosomes? Compared with DNA polymerase, how is telomerase different in its ability to synthesize a DNA strand? What does telomerase use as its template for the synthesis of a DNA strand? How does the use of this template result in a telomere sequence that is tandemly repetitive?arrow_forwardRegarding the process of DNA replication, it is correct to state that: a) Nucleosomes are maintained during the DNA polymerase-mediated replication process b) The phosphodiester bonds that join the nitrogenous bases maintain the integrity of the DNA strands c) DNA polymerase requires a previously annealed deoxynucleotide to add the next monomer being synthesized. d) The action of the helicase decreases the twist caused by the movement of the replication complex along the stretch of DNA e)arrow_forward
- What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication? There are different DNA polymerases involved in elongation of the leading strand and the lagging strand. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' → 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5' → 3' direction. The leading strand requires an RNA primer, whereas the lagging strand does not. The leading strand is synthesized in the 3' → 5' direction in a discontinuous fashion, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' → 3' direction in a continuous fashion.arrow_forwardWhy is DNA replication is considered a semi-discontinuous process? Explain in detail.arrow_forwardIn DNA replication, the role of topoisomerase is to Question 11 options: a) "unzip" the double stranded DNA in front of DNA polymerase. b) maintain the single stranded DNA. c) supercoil the DNA after the replication fork has passed. d) relieve supercoil tension in the DNA in front of the replication fork.arrow_forward
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