Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 15, Problem 29Q
To determine
The way in which some scientists can tell that a certain meteorite is from the interior of an asteroid and not from the outer layer of the asteroid.
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Explain the light emission by meteorite?
The Tunguska asteroid is estimated to have had a diameter of 50 m, and to have produced an explosion equivalent to 10 megatons of TNT (1 megaton = 4.2 x 1015 joules). Assume that the asteroid was a sphere with density 2 g/cm3. Using the kinetic energy formula K = ½ mv2, where m is the mass and v is the speed, to estimate the speed of the asteroid. Assume that all kinetic energy is converted into the energy of the explosion.
Give your answer in km/s with one significant figure.
5) What is the ratio of the number of asteroid impacts on the moon to the number of impacts
on Earth? Assume the asteroids are originally traveling 15 km/s and use the following data.
Mass: 5.97x1024 kg Earth, 7.3x1022 kg moon
Radius: 6372 km Earth, 1738 km moon
Note we count the number of craters on the moon to infer the number of impacts on Earth
because many Earth craters have been hidden by erosion.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Universe
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- Suppose a new primitive meteorite is discovered (sometime after it falls in a field of soybeans) and analysis reveals that it contains a trace of amino acids, all of which show the same rotational symmetry (unlike the Murchison meteorite). What might you conclude from this finding?arrow_forwardWhat evidence indicates that some asteroids once had geologically active surfaces?arrow_forwardA sample from a meteorite that landed on Earth has been analyzed, and the result shows that out of every 1,000 nuclei of potassium-40 originally in the meteorite, only 125 are still present, meaning they have not yet decayed. How old is the meteorite (in yr)? (Hint: See the figure below.) (Note: The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years.) Figure Graph Bar charts A mineral sample containing radioactive atoms :, which decay into daughter atoms 100 Percentage of radioactive and daughter atoms in the mineral 50 100 Percentage of -radioactive atoms remaining Age in half-lives yr Percentage remainingarrow_forward
- A sample from a meteorite that landed on Earth has been analyzed, and the result shows that out of every 1,000 nuclei of potassium-40 originally in the meteorite, only 125 are still present, meaning they have not yet decayed. How old is the meteorite (in yr)? (Hint: See the figure below.) (Note: The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years.) Figure Graph Bar charts A mineral sample containing radioactive atoms :, which decay into daughter atoms :: 100 Percentage of radioactive and 50 daughter atoms in the mineral 100 Percentage of 50 -radioactive atoms remaining 2 3 Age in half-lives yr Percentage remaining :---1/2 remain----ER 1/4 remain---- ---: 1/8 remain-------arrow_forwardRe-order the numbers so the events occur in the correct order, with the oldest event as number 2, and the youngest event as number 13. 2. Now at roughly 100% of present-day mass and the asteroid bombardment over, Earth begins cooling and differentiating. As the outer layer of the Earth cools and solidifies, lighter elements and compounds rise to the surface while the denser ones sink to the core 3. The now differentiated ice, gas, and dust of the solar accretion disc conglomerates together into asteroids from gravity 4. "The Big Whack" A Mars-sized protoplanet we call Theia collides with primitive Earth, adding even more energy and mass 5. The Big Bang 6. As the early atmosphere cools, water vapor is eventually cool enough to condense into liquid water, eventually covering the planet in an ocean 7. The debris from the collision of Earth and Theia produce a ring in orbit. This ring eventually coalesces into the Moon, just as Earth coalesced from the solar accretion disc 8. A nebula…arrow_forwardThe iron meteorite that created Barringer Crater (Arizona) was 50 m in diameter. It caused a crater 1.2 km (1200 m) in diameter, that is, 24 times bigger than the impactor. Keeping in mind that the size of the crater depends on many factors, such as the type of rocks present in the area, estimate the approximate size of the impactor that produced Mare Serenitatis.arrow_forward
- d) The internal density of the comet 67P was measured by the Rosetta space-craft to be approximately p = 400 kg m-³. How close an approach to the Earth could be made by this comet before it is tidally disrupted? Express your answer in units of the Earth's radius. Ignoring the effects of heating and sublimation, state how close this comet could approach the Sun without being tidally disrupted. Express your answer in units of the Solar radius.arrow_forwardA sample from a meteorite that landed on Earth has been analyzed, and the results shows that out of every 1,000 nuclei of potassium- 40 originally in the meteorite, only 125 are still present, meaning they have no yet decayed. How old is the meteorite (in yr)? (Hint: see the figure below) (Note: The half life of potassium- 40 is 1.3 billion years.) _______ yrarrow_forwardA lot of asteroid and comet dust collides with Earth's atmosphere everyday. Assume that 500 tons of mass is added to Earth daily from the millions of meteors that enter our atmosphere. Estimate the time it would take for the Earth's mass to increase 0.2% with this impact rate. Is this mass accumulation significant to Earth as a planet.arrow_forward
- Which of the following events can NOT be explained by a giant impact event? The large metallic core of Mercury The extreme axis tilt of Uranus The formation of the Moon The backwards rotation of Venusarrow_forwardA sample from a meteorite that landed on Earth has been analyzed, and the result shows that out of every 1,000 nuclei of potassium-40 originally in the meteorite, only 250 are still present, meaning they have not yet decayed. How old is the meteorite (in yr)? (Hint: See the figure below.) (Note: The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years.) Figure A graph and a series of bar charts above it both show the percentage of radioactive atoms remaining in a mineral sample. Detailed descriptions of the graph and the bar charts are available in the adjacent lists.arrow_forwardA crater on the Moon is 28 km in diameter. If a typical meteorite is 11 times smaller than the diameter of the crater, what was the diameter (in km) of the original meteorite? km What is the estimated depth (in km) of the crater if its depth is one-ninth its diameter? kmarrow_forward
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