Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of all the
Concept introduction:
The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of an achiral ketopentose
Concept introduction:
A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure of
Concept introduction:
Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).
(d)
Interpretation:
The structure of
Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.
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Organic Chemistry
- One pathway for the metabolism of D-glucose 6-phosphate is its enzyme-catalyzed conversion to D-fructose 6-phosphate. Show that this transformation can be accom- plished as two enzyme-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerisms. СНО CH,OH C=0 enzyme catalysis Но Но H OH H H. O- H- -HO- ČH,OPO, ČH,OPO, D-Glucose 6-phosphate D-Fructose 6-phosphatearrow_forwardThe structural formula for the open-chain form of D-mannose is CH НО—С—Н Но-с—н Н—С—ОН Н—ҫ—ОН CH-OН (a) Is this molecule a sugar? (b) How many chiral carbons are present in the molecule? (c) Draw the structure of the six-member-ring form of this molecule.arrow_forwardDraw the product formed when CH3CH2C=CH is treated with each of the following sets of reagents: (a) H2O, H2SO4, HgSO4; and (b) R2BH, followed by H2O2, HO−.arrow_forward
- 4. Identify the component monosaccharides of each of the following compounds and describe the type of glycosidic linkage in each. Но он Но OH HO он Но- Но- (a) OH (c) CH,OHO. (b) CH2OHO Lon OH HO H ČHOH H OH ÓH ОНarrow_forwardd-(-)-Erythrose has the formula HOCH2¬CH(OH)¬CH(OH)¬CHO, and the d in its name implies that it can be degraded to d-(+)-glyceraldehyde. The (-) in its name implies that d-(-)-erythrose is optically active (levorotatory). When d-(-)-erythrose is reduced (using H2 and a nickel catalyst), it gives an optically inactive product of formula HOCH2¬CH(OH)¬CH(OH)¬CH2OH. Knowing the absolute configuration of d-(+)-glyceraldehyde (Section 5-14), determine the absolute configuration of d-(-)-erythrose.arrow_forwardRegarding 4-O- (α-D-psychofuranosyl) -β-D-allopyranose. Please indicate the RIGHT alternative: (a) The disaccharide reacts with CH3OH in an acid medium to form a glycoside that cannot be oxidized with HNO3. (b) It is a reducing disaccharide only in basic medium. (c) In the structure there is only one glycosidic bond that is of the type β 1-O-4 ' (d) The hydrolysis products of this disaccharide do not show mutarrotation. (e) The disaccharide structure contains two six-membered rings.arrow_forward
- The following molecule has a glycosidic bond that is best described as HỌ – CH2 НО HỌ – CH2 HO OH O ОН alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond beta-1,6-glycosidic band alpha-1,6-glycosidic bond beta-1,4-glycosidic bond ОН OH OH.H2Oarrow_forwardOH НО HO OH НО Но OH ОН ОН OH What are the monosachharides that make up this trisaccharide? O a-D-glucopyranose, a-D-galactopyranose, a-D-fructofuranose a-D-glucopyranose, a-D-galactopyranose, B-D-fructofuranose a-D-glucopyranose, a-D-glucopyranose, B-D-fructofuranose a-D-galactopyranose, a-D-glucopyranose, a -D-fructofuranosearrow_forwardD The following disaccharide contains a(n) (blank]-glycosidic linkage. HO CH₂OH ОН Oa-1,4 OB-1,4 a-1,6 O B-1,6 0 OH Question 6 double bond ssignments/syllabus ester bond ether bond amide bond HO A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n) [blank). OH OH Melebi OH MacBook Proarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the correct pair of monosaccharides needed 2 to form the given glycoside? * CH2OH CH-OH CH2OH OH он он OH OH a-D-fructofuranose & B-D-glucopyranose a-D-sorbofuranose & B-D-allopyranose a-D-mannofuranose & B-D-glucopyranose O a-D-sorbofuranose & B-D-galactopyranosearrow_forwardDraw the organic products formed when each compound is treated with H2, Pd-C. Indicate the three-dimensional structure of all stereoisomers formed.arrow_forwardWhat glycosides are formed when each monosaccharide is treated with CH3CH2OH, HCl: (a) β-D-mannose; (b) α-D-gulose; (c) β-D-fructose?arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning