(a) Interpretation: Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.43AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given structure of fucose is α− or β - form is to be stated

Concept Introduction:

The carbohydrate can have either α or β form depending upon the position of substituent at anomeric position. α and β forms are anomers of each other. If the -OH group of anomeric carbon is present below the plane then it is α− and if it is above the plane then it is β− anomer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether fucose is an aldose, ketose or neither of them is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbohydrates can either be aldose or ketose. Carbohydrates which contain aldehyde group are aldoses and which contain keto group are ketoses. First the pyranose structure of the compound must be converted to the Fischer projection and then ring opening takes place to form the carbohydrate structure. Then see whether it is aldose or ketose.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Fischer projection of the carbonyl group of the given carbohydrate is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Fischer projection is used to represent a three dimensional structure of compound in two dimensional plane. The Fischer projection is drawn by taking chiral carbons into consideration. The chiral carbons of the molecule are represented by the intersection of two lines in Fischer projection. The groups attached to the chiral carbon are attached to that intersection point. The D or L form is decided on the basis of the attachment of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon which is farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

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(a) Draw the more stable chair form of fucose, an essential monosaccharide needed in the diet and a component of carbohydrates on mammalian and plant cell surfaces. (b) Classify fucose as a D- or Lmonosaccharide. (c) What two structural features are unusual in fucose?

Arabinoxylan is a copolymer of arabinose and xylose-two five-carbon sugars. A portion of the polysaccharide is shown here. (a) Identify and classify each glycosidic linkage. (b) Based on the structure, do you think arabinoxylan functions as a storage polysaccharide or a structural polysaccharide? Explain your reasoning. HOH,C. OH Но OH OH но но OH Но LO. Но HOH,C HOH2C НО OH OH CH,OH

Draw the structure of: (a) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-mannose units in 1→4-β- glycosidic linkages; (b) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-glucose units in 1→6-α- glycosidic linkages. The polysaccharide in (b) is dextran, a component of dental plaque.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.43AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given structure of fucose is α− or β - form is to be stated

Concept Introduction:

The carbohydrate can have either α or β form depending upon the position of substituent at anomeric position. α and β forms are anomers of each other. If the -OH group of anomeric carbon is present below the plane then it is α− and if it is above the plane then it is β− anomer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether fucose is an aldose, ketose or neither of them is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbohydrates can either be aldose or ketose. Carbohydrates which contain aldehyde group are aldoses and which contain keto group are ketoses. First the pyranose structure of the compound must be converted to the Fischer projection and then ring opening takes place to form the carbohydrate structure. Then see whether it is aldose or ketose.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Fischer projection of the carbonyl group of the given carbohydrate is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Fischer projection is used to represent a three dimensional structure of compound in two dimensional plane. The Fischer projection is drawn by taking chiral carbons into consideration. The chiral carbons of the molecule are represented by the intersection of two lines in Fischer projection. The groups attached to the chiral carbon are attached to that intersection point. The D or L form is decided on the basis of the attachment of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon which is farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.43AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given structure of fucose is α− or β - form is to be stated

Concept Introduction:

The carbohydrate can have either α or β form depending upon the position of substituent at anomeric position. α and β forms are anomers of each other. If the -OH group of anomeric carbon is present below the plane then it is α− and if it is above the plane then it is β− anomer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether fucose is an aldose, ketose or neither of them is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbohydrates can either be aldose or ketose. Carbohydrates which contain aldehyde group are aldoses and which contain keto group are ketoses. First the pyranose structure of the compound must be converted to the Fischer projection and then ring opening takes place to form the carbohydrate structure. Then see whether it is aldose or ketose.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Fischer projection of the carbonyl group of the given carbohydrate is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Fischer projection is used to represent a three dimensional structure of compound in two dimensional plane. The Fischer projection is drawn by taking chiral carbons into consideration. The chiral carbons of the molecule are represented by the intersection of two lines in Fischer projection. The groups attached to the chiral carbon are attached to that intersection point. The D or L form is decided on the basis of the attachment of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon which is farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.43AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given structure of fucose is α− or β - form is to be stated

Concept Introduction:

The carbohydrate can have either α or β form depending upon the position of substituent at anomeric position. α and β forms are anomers of each other. If the -OH group of anomeric carbon is present below the plane then it is α− and if it is above the plane then it is β− anomer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether fucose is an aldose, ketose or neither of them is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbohydrates can either be aldose or ketose. Carbohydrates which contain aldehyde group are aldoses and which contain keto group are ketoses. First the pyranose structure of the compound must be converted to the Fischer projection and then ring opening takes place to form the carbohydrate structure. Then see whether it is aldose or ketose.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Fischer projection of the carbonyl group of the given carbohydrate is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Fischer projection is used to represent a three dimensional structure of compound in two dimensional plane. The Fischer projection is drawn by taking chiral carbons into consideration. The chiral carbons of the molecule are represented by the intersection of two lines in Fischer projection. The groups attached to the chiral carbon are attached to that intersection point. The D or L form is decided on the basis of the attachment of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon which is farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.43AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given structure of fucose is α− or β - form is to be stated

Concept Introduction:

The carbohydrate can have either α or β form depending upon the position of substituent at anomeric position. α and β forms are anomers of each other. If the -OH group of anomeric carbon is present below the plane then it is α− and if it is above the plane then it is β− anomer.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether fucose is an aldose, ketose or neither of them is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbohydrates can either be aldose or ketose. Carbohydrates which contain aldehyde group are aldoses and which contain keto group are ketoses. First the pyranose structure of the compound must be converted to the Fischer projection and then ring opening takes place to form the carbohydrate structure. Then see whether it is aldose or ketose.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Fischer projection of the carbonyl group of the given carbohydrate is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Fischer projection is used to represent a three dimensional structure of compound in two dimensional plane. The Fischer projection is drawn by taking chiral carbons into consideration. The chiral carbons of the molecule are represented by the intersection of two lines in Fischer projection. The groups attached to the chiral carbon are attached to that intersection point. The D or L form is decided on the basis of the attachment of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon which is farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.43AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.43AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the given structure of fucose is D- or L- enantiomer is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the non-super imposable mirror images of each other. Enantiomers rotate the plane of polarization in opposite direction but by the same amount. The compound becomes optically inactive.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given structure of fucose is α− or β - form is to be stated

Concept Introduction:

The carbohydrate can have either α or β form depending upon the position of substituent at anomeric position. α and β forms are anomers of each other. If the -OH group of anomeric carbon is present below the plane then it is α− and if it is above the plane then it is β− anomer.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given structure of fucose is α− or β - form is to be stated

Concept Introduction:

The carbohydrate can have either α or β form depending upon the position of substituent at anomeric position. α and β forms are anomers of each other. If the -OH group of anomeric carbon is present below the plane then it is α− and if it is above the plane then it is β− anomer.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether fucose is an aldose, ketose or neither of them is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbohydrates can either be aldose or ketose. Carbohydrates which contain aldehyde group are aldoses and which contain keto group are ketoses. First the pyranose structure of the compound must be converted to the Fischer projection and then ring opening takes place to form the carbohydrate structure. Then see whether it is aldose or ketose.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether fucose is an aldose, ketose or neither of them is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Carbohydrates can either be aldose or ketose. Carbohydrates which contain aldehyde group are aldoses and which contain keto group are ketoses. First the pyranose structure of the compound must be converted to the Fischer projection and then ring opening takes place to form the carbohydrate structure. Then see whether it is aldose or ketose.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Fischer projection of the carbonyl group of the given carbohydrate is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Fischer projection is used to represent a three dimensional structure of compound in two dimensional plane. The Fischer projection is drawn by taking chiral carbons into consideration. The chiral carbons of the molecule are represented by the intersection of two lines in Fischer projection. The groups attached to the chiral carbon are attached to that intersection point. The D or L form is decided on the basis of the attachment of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon which is farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Fischer projection of the carbonyl group of the given carbohydrate is to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Fischer projection is used to represent a three dimensional structure of compound in two dimensional plane. The Fischer projection is drawn by taking chiral carbons into consideration. The chiral carbons of the molecule are represented by the intersection of two lines in Fischer projection. The groups attached to the chiral carbon are attached to that intersection point. The D or L form is decided on the basis of the attachment of the hydroxyl group on the chiral carbon which is farthest from the carbonyl carbon.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.1P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.2P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.3P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.4P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.5P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.6P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.7P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.8P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.9P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the given structure of fucose is the D- enantiomer of the carbohydrate.

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Chapter 24 Solutions