RNA

and RNA. (P1) Similarities between DNA and RNA: 1) Both have the 3 bases which are Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine. Also known as A, C and G. 2) Both have nucleotides 3) Both compromise of pentose sugar. 4) Both compromise of phosphate groups 5) Both compromise of nitrogenous bases. Differences between DNA and RNA De-oxyribonucleic Acid Ribo-nucleuic Acid DNA is double stranded RNA is single stranded DNA is known to be stable RNA is known to be less stable DNA has the base Thymine a.k.a. T RNA has

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Discuss why humans did not evolve with one central repository of DNA, but rather it is replicated throughout the body? Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): It is helical double stranded nucleic acid made of complementary purine and pyramidines supported by deoxy ribose sugars and phospodiester structures. (5 Prime to 3 prime). Eukaryotic DNA material. Ribonucleic acid (RNA): It is a single nucleic acid supported by adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil supported by ribose

RNA contains a ribose sugar. The major structural distinction between RNA and DNA is the presence of a hydroxyl group in the ribose sugar. Transcription is the process by DNA is copied to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two steps, first, pre-messenger is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes. The pre- messenger then edited to produce the desired

There are three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a gene segment of DNA which ultimately contains the information on the primary sequence of amino acids in a protein to be synthesized. The genetic codes is translated is for mRNA, not DNA. The messenger RNA carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. It also carries the genetic information copied from the DNA in the form of a series of three-base code

early stage of development of life on earth on a molecular basis, some believe that self-replicating RNA molecules acted as the ancestral molecule of life before the more complex DNA and protein molecules started to evolve and develop. Stronger evidence has supported the hypothesis of the existence of an RNA world during the origin of life in recent years. The RNA world hypothesis postulates that RNA molecules were utilised to store and transmit genetic information, self-replicate and to catalyse simple

RNA world hypothesis is a hypothesis to explain the origins of cells. According to the theory, a form of RNA, or ribonucleic acid, developed that was capable of self-replicating. It is said to be the earliest life forms, from which all other organisms come. While modern organisms are built up from proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and RNA, this organism is said to have consisted only of DNA. The reason scientists believe RNA was the first biomolecular structure is because it stores information

The discovery of genome-wide transcription and the large number of non-protein-coding RNAs produced by what is now termed “pervasive genomic transcription”, has left scientists with more questions than answers and presents challenges to the core assumptions that were once the solid foundations of modern molecular biology and genetics, furthering complexity of genomics. The function of these non-protein-coding RNAs has not been fully evaluated and the methods of doing so are still in question; however

Aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases catalyze the formation of “charged” transfer RNA. This means the Aminoacyl transfer RNA synthtaseses attach an amino acid to the transfer RNA. A specific aminoacyl transfer RNA synthestase binds a specific amino acid and a molecule of Adenosine triphosphate to the active site. The bond is broken between the amino acid and Adeonsine monophosphate and the Adenosine monophosphate is then released. At the same time, a covalent bond is formed between the amino acid and

pairing of antisense RNA to mRNA. RNAi would not be an example of genetic mutation because genetic mutation entails permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome. RNAi controls the genes to cause them to become silenced by using dsRNA, which does not alter the nucleotide sequence. The mRNA degrades in the process. 2. Once dsRNA is injected it binds to Dicer, an endonuclease protein that cuts RNA into short segments of 21 nucleotides long that are siRNA or micro RNAs. The short dsRNA binds

Introduction RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process where a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates the degradation of the sequence-dependent RNA target cell, causing a posttranscrip-tional gene-silencing mechanism or inhibition of cellular gene expression. 1 This mechanism was first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1998 by Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello, where they observed that the introduction of the dsRNA in the animal cell resulted in an inhibition expression of the homologous