RNA

Expression of the long non-coding RNA Sox2ot during postnatal developmental of the rat brain Introduction Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) make up a large portion of cellular transcripts in the mammalian transcriptome (Clark and Blackshaw 2014) . In all human transcripts, at least 10,000 non-coding RNAs are thought to be greater than 200 base pairs (bps) in length, with little to no coding capacity, and are therefore classed as lncRNAs (Zhu et al. 2013; Clark and Blackshaw 2014). In some cases, transcripts

Pathogen Invasion Influence on RNA Processing and Genetic Expression RNA processing is the process by which an RNA strand is modified, such that it is compatible for translation into a protein. RNA is synthesized from DNA during a process called transcription, a step in which an RNA copy of a DNA sequence is made. After the RNA strand is created, within the nucleus, the RNA is transferred into the cytoplasm of the cell where it can be translated into a genetic code that the cell can interpret and

The RNA-induced-silencing complex is used for gene regulation and in defense against viral and bacterial infections. The RISC is loaded with small dsRNAs that will guide the complex through base-pairing interactions to specific messenger RNA targets, which the RISC will help degrade. Once degraded, no more protein can be made from these mRNAs. The RNA-induced silencing complex can silence targeted genes through several mechanisms. It can work to repress translation during protein synthesis, interfere

1.1 Non-coding RNAs The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information is conveyed from DNA to mRNA to protein implying that proteins are the main functional genetic output (Crick 1970). Even those few early known non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, snoRNAs and splicosomal RNAs were in the end required for mRNA processing and translation. The dogma might still be applicable to prokaryotes whose genome consists of approx. 90 % protein-coding

The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is an important biological system that is utilised by many organisms as a method of regulating gene expression. But what exactly is RNAi? And what is the importance of its use and application in biology? RNAi is a cellular process that actively silences specific genes. This method of post-translational gene regulation has been observed in many organisms including plants, fungi, some bacteria and animals. RNAi inhibits protein synthesis of the target transcript

RNA world, a possible theory for life origin. I think the RNA world theory, combined with other theories, including clay chemistry and deep sea vents activities, is a very possible theory for life’s origin on Earth. RNA still serves important roles in cell now. It still participant into some reaction as enzyme. It is also a vital medium in protein synthesis because it is the main molecules in DNA translation and transcription (wiki, translation) (wiki, transcription). The RNA world theory is a widely-supported

ABSTRACT: DNA and RNA form the basic unit of the living system. They are termed as the genome. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic genome undergoes two primary processes, transcription and translation. In transcription process, the protein nucleotides called exons gets converted into mRNA whereas, in the translation process, mRNA translated to proteins. In the human genome, 90% of the gene is junk DNA. Whole genome sequencing has revealed new aspects of gene expression, their role in living. Recent researchers

RNA interference (RNAi) drugs are drugs that alter the protein production of the desired cells/tissues by altering their RNA. The field of RNA interference is fairly recent with study of the mechanisms that enable it starting in the 1990s and continuing today. Through the years, it has been known as co-suppression, post transcriptional gene silencing, quelling, and others due to the ability to deactivate or suppress certain genes, mostly in Eukaryotes. RNAi has proved to be a very powerful instrument

Gene Silencing Through RNA Interference Gene silencing, the ability to selectively suppress the expression of a single gene, is something that was once thought of as a “holy grail” in medical technology. The potential treatments for this technology include, but are not limited to, inhibiting viral infections, cancer replication, and certain genetic disorders. Considering the potency of each of these problems within the modern medical field, the potential economic and physiological impact of gene

expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.