Purines And Pyrimidine

This a brief written report on the role of DNA, RNA and transmission on information within a cell to create amino acids.

Ribosomes in any type of organism are all the same, but we distinguish between two

1) DNA programs protein production in the cytoplasm by transferring its coded information to a molecule called RNA (mRNA). The RNA then carries the order to build this type of protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA): It is a single nucleic acid supported by adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil supported by ribose sugars. mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.

Then the tRNA molecules link together and transfer the amino acid to the ribosome. An Anticodons pair with a codon takes the

Two structural differences between DNA and RNA would be that RNA contains ribose while DNA is missing the hydroxyl group form its ribose. Also, RNA is created by transcription of a gene locate in the cells of DNA. DNA is doubled stranded whereas RNA is single stranded.

D)Nucleic Acids monomer(s) are called nucleotide. The functional group is dna(Deoxyribonucleic acid) and rna(Ribonucleic acid). The linkage type is covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. The primary function of nucleic acid is to store and transfer genetic material.

B) A gene in a eukaryotic cell is transcribed and translated to produce a protein.

Nearly all animal cells have a nucleus, with the only exception being the red blood cell. The nucleus has two major functions, which are housing the DNA and controlling the cell’s activities. In the centre of the nucleus is the nucleolus. This doesn’t have a membrane, but holds itself together. In the nucleolus, ribosomes are created through the mixture of RNA and proteins. These proteins are originally found in the cytoplasm, outside the nucleus, but they travel through the pores in the nuclear envelope, through the chromatin and into the nucleolus. The structure of the nucleolus allows easy

A cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It is like a gate in a city because it regulates who comes in and goes out of the city. A nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is like a police department because the police control how everyone and everything acts. A ribosome synthesizes proteins for the cell. A ribosome is like a factory that produces stuff for construction workers. The ER synthesizes lipid membranes and proteins and transports stuff. It is like a manufacturing plant because it makes stuff just like the ER.

Phencyclidine is a synthetic substance and a chemical compound. It is made in a lab and made up of ingredients that you would not find in nature. One of the ingredients used is cyanide, which is a type of poison. It appears as a colorless, crystal like powder. It has a strong chemical like smell similar to that of ammonia. It has a molecular weight of 243.394 g/mol. The boiling point is 136 degrees Celsius, and the melting point is 46.5 degrees Celsius.

Transcription. In this process, the information from the DNA sequence is copied to a complementary RNA sequence. The type of RNA that is involved in this process is the messenger RNA (mRNA). During a transcription process, when a sequence of DNA is expressed, one of the two DNA strands is copied into the mRNA based on the base-pairing rules. For example, in base-pairing in DNA, Adenine (A) is paired with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) is paired with Guanine (G.

three basic parts. There is a sugar called ribose, and at one end of the sugar

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is extremely important in expression of protein-coding genes. mRNA molecules contain the genetic code for synthesis of particular polypeptides during translation. (Lewin’s Genes XI, 624) Messenger RNAs are unstable molecules due to the fact that cells have ribonucleases. These ribonucleases can specifically target mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm. There are two types of ribonucleases. Endoribonucleases cut the center of the RNAs, and exoribonuleases detach the ends of RNAs. (Lewin’s Genes XI, 625) The stability of mRNA is essential in controlling gene expression. Less stable RNAs are more likely to undergo changes in transcription rates, and the more stable RNAs are able to go through translation for longer periods of time. (Lewin’s Genes XI, 626)

Another cellular feature shared by both Archaea and Bacteria is size and arrangement of ribosomes. Their ribosomes are much smaller in comparison to eukaryotes. The function of their ribosomes is similar to the ones in eukaryotes; for translating mRNA codons to sequence of amino acids for the synthesis of proteins. Both have 70S Ribosomes composed of 30S and 50S sub units that are joined to make a 70S unit. They contain “three ribonucleic acid molecules” consisting of “16S, 23S AND 5S”. On the other hand, the “primary structure of Archaea r-RNA and r-Proteins” is much similar to the ones in eukaryotes and less similar to that of bacteria. Additionally, the Archaea ribosome is much firm compared to mesophilic bacteria’s ribosomes, this is particularly beneficial in terms of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. (Archaeal Ribosomes, Paola Londei, university of Rome, “Sapienza”