Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 25, Problem 2CLC
To determine
The distance to a galaxy that has a recessional velocity of
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The Universe is approximately 13.8 Billion years old. What is the volume of the visible universe in m3?
given:
a (distance to center of galaxy in AU) = 1,717,914,439 AU
P (suns orbital period in years) = 203,782,828.3 years
M (mass of milky way galaxy in solar masses) = 1.22 x 10^11 Msun
Question:
Assume the Milky Way Galaxy is made up entirely of stars like the Sun, i.e. on average each star has the mass of 1 MSun. Under this assumption, approximately how many stars are there in our galaxy? Express this answer in billions of stars (1 billion = 109).
Our galaxy is approximately 100,000 light years in diameter and 2,000 light years thick through the plane of the galaxy. If we were to compare the ratio of the diameter galaxy and its thickness to the ratio of the diameter of a CD and its thickness (CD has a diameter of 12 cm and thickness of 0.6 mm), what would be the factor differentiating those ratios? Put differently, if the galaxy were scaled down to the diameter of a CD, how many times thicker or thinner would the galaxy be than the CD? (For example if it would be twice as thick, you would answer 2 and if it were twice as thin you would answer 0.5 (aka 1/2))
Chapter 25 Solutions
Universe
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- The Sun orbits the center of the Galaxy in 225 million years at a distance of 26,000 light-years. Given that a3=(M1+M2)P2 , where a is the semimajor axis and P is the orbital period, what is the mass of the Galaxy within the Sun’s orbit?arrow_forwardSuppose that the outer stars of a galaxy have an orbital velocity of 150 km/s. If the radius of the galaxy is 4.0 kpc (1??? = 3.1 × 1016 ??), what is the orbital period of the outer stars in years?arrow_forwardThe Tully-Fischer method relies on being able to relate the mass of a galaxy to its rotation velocity. Stars in the outer-most regions of the Milky Way galaxy, located at a distance of 50 kpc from the galactic centre, are observed to orbit at a speed vrot = 250 km s−1. Using Kepler’s 3rd Law, determine the mass in the Milky Way that lies interior to 50 kpc. Express your answer in units of the Solar mass.arrow_forward
- The difference in absolute magnitude between two objects is related to their fluxes by the flux-magnitude relation: FA / FB = 2.51(MB - MA) A distant galaxy contains a supernova with an absolute magnitude of -19. If this supernova were placed next to our Sun (M = +4.8) and you observed both of them from the same distance, how much more flux would the supernova emit than the Sun? Fsupernova / FSun = ?arrow_forwardIf the active core of a galaxy contains a black hole of 106 MSun , what will the orbital distance be (in km) for matter orbiting the black hole with an orbital period of 1 hour?arrow_forwardLet's say that the number density of galaxies in the universe is, on average, 3 × 10–68 galaxies/m3. If astronomers could observe all galaxies out to a distance of 1010 light-years, how many galaxies would they find? (Note that there are 1016 meters in 1 light-year.)arrow_forward
- If a group of galaxies is revolving around its center at 240 miles/sec how fast is it moving in miles/hr?arrow_forwardWhat is the estimated age of the Universe (in years) if the Hubble constant is 80 km/s/Mpc?arrow_forwardIf you find a galaxy that is the same size and mass as our Milky Way Galaxy, what orbital velocity would a small satellite galaxy have if it orbits 51 kpc from the center of the larger galaxy? (Assume the total mass of our galaxy is about 4.0 1011 solar masses, M.)arrow_forward
- If the active core of a galaxy contains a black hole of 106?Θ (1 million solar masses), what will the orbital velocity be for matter orbiting the black hole at a distance of 0.33 AU? (Hint: use the formula for orbital velocity: ?=√???; where ?=6.67×10−11 ?3?? ?2 and ?Θ= 2.0×1030 ??. Note: 1 ??=1.50×1011 ?)arrow_forwardA star in the Milky Way that is about 60 percent of the way out from the center of the galaxy has an orbital distance of 30 thousand light years and an orbital velocity of 204 km/s. What is the mass of the galaxy inside this star's orbital radius? Enter in solar massesarrow_forwardWhat would be your estimate for the age of the universe if you measured Hubbleʹs constant to be 33 km/s/Mly? You can assume that the expansion rate has remained unchanged during the history of the universe.arrow_forward
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