Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 25, Problem 39Q
To determine
About dark energy. Also explain the two ways in which one can infer its presence.
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Hubble's First Attempt. Edwin Hubble's first attempt to measure the universe's expansion rate was flawed because the standard candles he was using were not properly calibrated. Look at (Figure 1)
a.Estimate the value of Ho corresponding to the solid line in the figure. Express your answer kilometers per second per million light-years to two significant figures.
b.What is the approximate age of the universe indicated by that erroneous value of Ho? Express your answer in years to one significant figure.
Question A7
State three pieces of evidence that support the idea that the Universe began in a hot Big Bang,
and explain how each piece of evidence supports the hot Big Bang model. Describe the ob-
servational evidence that supports the idea that the Universe is pervaded by Dark Energy, and
explain why each piece of evidence you cite supports the Dark Energy model.
Please explain the theory also. I need to understand the concept. Thank you in advance.
A light of wavelength 620 nm is emitted from 5 Schwarzschild radii from a 20 solar mass black
hole. What wavelength is observed for this light by an observer a long distance away? (The
objects are not moving with respect to the observer)
Chapter 25 Solutions
Universe
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Ch. 25 - Prob. 11CCCh. 25 - Prob. 12CCCh. 25 - Prob. 13CCCh. 25 - Prob. 14CCCh. 25 - Prob. 15CCCh. 25 - Prob. 1CLCCh. 25 - Prob. 2CLCCh. 25 - Prob. 3CLCCh. 25 - Prob. 4CLCCh. 25 - Prob. 1QCh. 25 - Prob. 2QCh. 25 - Prob. 3QCh. 25 - Prob. 4QCh. 25 - Prob. 5QCh. 25 - Prob. 6QCh. 25 - Prob. 7QCh. 25 - Prob. 8QCh. 25 - Prob. 9QCh. 25 - Prob. 10QCh. 25 - Prob. 11QCh. 25 - Prob. 12QCh. 25 - Prob. 13QCh. 25 - Prob. 14QCh. 25 - Prob. 15QCh. 25 - Prob. 16QCh. 25 - Prob. 17QCh. 25 - Prob. 18QCh. 25 - Prob. 19QCh. 25 - Prob. 20QCh. 25 - Prob. 21QCh. 25 - Prob. 22QCh. 25 - Prob. 23QCh. 25 - Prob. 24QCh. 25 - Prob. 25QCh. 25 - Prob. 26QCh. 25 - Prob. 27QCh. 25 - Prob. 28QCh. 25 - Prob. 29QCh. 25 - Prob. 30QCh. 25 - Prob. 31QCh. 25 - Prob. 32QCh. 25 - Prob. 33QCh. 25 - Prob. 34QCh. 25 - Prob. 35QCh. 25 - Prob. 36QCh. 25 - Prob. 37QCh. 25 - Prob. 38QCh. 25 - Prob. 39QCh. 25 - Prob. 40QCh. 25 - Prob. 41QCh. 25 - Prob. 42QCh. 25 - Prob. 43QCh. 25 - Prob. 44QCh. 25 - Prob. 45QCh. 25 - Prob. 46QCh. 25 - Prob. 47QCh. 25 - Prob. 48QCh. 25 - Prob. 49QCh. 25 - Prob. 50QCh. 25 - Prob. 51QCh. 25 - Prob. 52QCh. 25 - Prob. 53QCh. 25 - Prob. 54QCh. 25 - Prob. 55Q
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- I'm having trouble understanding this. Suppose we have a spaceship about the size of a typical ocean cruise ship today, which means it has a mass of about 130 million kilograms, and we want to accelerate the ship to a speed of 12 % of the speed of light. Suppose you want to generate the energy to get it to cruising speed using matter-antimatter annihilation. How much antimatter would you need to produce and take on the ship? Express your answer using two significant figures.arrow_forwardwhat are the three theories that provide explanations for dark matter. Explain brieflyarrow_forwarda. Describe three of the six possible scenarios for the fate of the universe. For each case, describe: • what conditions will be like • the curvature of the universe • which term (gravity, expansion, or dark energy) in the Friedman equation would dominate. b. Observationally, what scenario best describes our universe? Explain.arrow_forward
- The presence of Dark Matter was theorized due to the curve of the data that the motion of the stars around the central core of our neighboring galaxy (Andromeda) has been approximately flat rather than decreasing at large distances. Which fundamental concept in this chapter helped us in understanding this phenomena? a.) Orbital speed b.) Escape speed c.) Law of equal areas d.) Law of elliptical orbits What happens to the magnitude of the force between two objects with the same mass if we double the distance between them? a.) The magnitude of the force will be doubled. b.) The magnitude of the force will be quadrupled. c.) The magnitude of the force will be halved. d.) The magnitude of the force will be 1/9 of its inital magnitude.e. Earrow_forwardAn astronomer observed the motions of some galaxies. Based on his observations, he made the following statements. Which one of them is most likely to be false? Take Hubble's constant to be 67 km/s/Mpc. A. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Mpc from us. B. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 700 km/s is at a distance of about 10 Mpc from us. C. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 7000 km/s is at a distance of about 100 Mpc from us. D. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70000 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Gpc from us. Is the answer D? Thank you!arrow_forwardSuppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In this case, A. Galaxy 1 must be twice as big as Galaxy 2. B. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. C. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at a later time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2. D. Galaxy 2 must be twice as old as Galaxy 1.arrow_forward
- What is Lorentz law? Give definition, background, uses and examples of it.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding the expanding universe theory? A. Scientists were able to observe that all galaxies and star clusters are moving away from Earth because of the shift of the wavelength to the blue part of the visible spectrum. B. Slipher from 1912 to 1914 studied the electromagnetic radiation of nearby spiral galaxies where he observed that wavelengths of yellow lines appear to be a little orange. C. More recent observation using powerful telescopes confirm that frequency of light from nearby galaxies and star clusters decreases as it is observed here on Earth. D. From the amount of Doppler shift, astronomers are able to compute for the speeds and determine the direction of the motion of nearby galaxies and star clusters.arrow_forwardWhat makes us think that the star system Cygnus X-1 contains a black hole? A, It emits X rays characteristic of an accretion disk, but the unseen star in the system is too massive to be a neutron star. B. No light is emitted from this star system, so it must contain a black hole. C. The fact that we see strong X-ray emission tells us that the system must contain a black hole. D.Cygnus X-1 is a powerful X-ray burster, so it must contain a black hole.arrow_forward
- 4. State the mathematical description for Wien displacement law, how this is tested in the lab ? 5. Starting from the Plank distribution, 2he Ba(A, T) = A5 1 - 1 Derive Wien displacement law by maximizing the distribution. 6. Use the Plank distribution to derive the Stefan-Boltzman Law.arrow_forwardHow can we determine the existence of something we can't see? What is the evidence of dark matter and dark energy? How can we learn more about this phenomena?arrow_forwardThe mass density of our universe is measured to be about 10-29 kg/m3. If an arbitrary point is chosen as the center, how large is the radius of a spherical surface centered at the point so that the mass enclosed in the surface will become a blackhole observed by someone outside the surface? A. 4.2 trillion light years B. 420 billion light years C. 42 billion light years D. 4.2 billion light years Is the answer D? Thanks!arrow_forward
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