Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 25, Problem 4CLC
To determine
The percent content of the universe’s energy that comes from the ordinary matter and dark energy.
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Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place.
Values: n = 1*10^80
Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place.
Value: n = 4*1080
where did the 50 x 10^-3 come from and how did you get the math of -7.5
Chapter 25 Solutions
Universe
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- What can change the expansion rate of the Universe over time? Gravity: Attractive forces increase the expansion rate by pulling mass together making gravity stronger. Gravity decreases the expansion rate, while electromagnetic forces are always repulsive and speed-up expansion. Attractive forces such as gravity decrease the expansion rate. Repulsive forces would speed-up expansion by pushing spacetime apart. Nothing, since the expansion rate remains always constant, and it is measured from Hubble's law.arrow_forward3:00 PM Fri 23 Apr * * ni 26% web.whatsapp.com + blob:https://web.whatsapp.com/d4009cff-8... G Identify the names of the four major arms of... W Inflation (cosmology) - Wikipedia in this water body. 4 of 9 Q.5 Identify the names of the four major arms of Milky way galaxy : a) Norma and Cygnus, Sagittarius, Scutum-crux, Perseus. b) Norma and Cygnus, Orion, Scrotum-crock, Perseus. c) Norma and Clittorus, Sagittarius, Scrotum-crux, Perseus. d) Norma and Cygnus, Orion , Scutum-crux, Perseus. Q.6 In a far far away Galaxy lies a solar system untold, wherein, lies the planet, Stephenland inhabited by Meeseeks (a simple, but sentient species ). Their planet is invaded by the dreaded Brainiac Titanoids and their minions, P'nados . They started exploiting the natural resources of the planet at a scale, wherein, it actually started having affecting the mass of the planet. The mass lost was so huge that the atmosphere of the planet was actually endangered. They're now facing the threat of a waning…arrow_forwardAstronomers can determine the heat of various areas of the universe by making observations about energy they emit. Gamma rays can be found in areas where there is a lot of star formation occurring. What would you guess about the temperature of these areas? Explain why.Do you think there would be a lot of particles present? Explain why.arrow_forward
- What would be your estimate for the age of the universe if you measured Hubbleʹs constant to be 33 km/s/Mly? You can assume that the expansion rate has remained unchanged during the history of the universe.arrow_forward1. The current (critical) density of our universe is pe = 10-26kg/m³. Assume the universe is filled with cubes with equal size that each contain one person of m = 100kg. What would the length of the side of such a cube have to be in order to give the correct critical density? How many hydrogen atoms would you need in a box of 1 m³ to reach the critical density? The matter we know, which consists mostly of hydrogen, constitutes only 4.8% of the current critical energy density of our universe. So how many hydrogen atoms are actually in a box of 1 m3 in our universe? Deep space is very empty and a much better vacuum than we can obtain on earth in a laboratory.arrow_forwardProblem 6. The average density p of the Universe today is 3 x 10-27kgm-³. -3 1. Find this density in (a) gcm-³ (b) M.Mpc-³ (c) m₂cm-³ 2. Find the mass within a sphere of radius (a) R. (b) 1 AU (c) 10 Mpcarrow_forward
- The matter density in the Universe today is Pm = -27 kg m-3. What would 2.7 x 10 be the value of the density parameter, 2o, if the Hubble constant had the value Ho = 38 km/s/Mpc? Assume the Universe does not contain dark energy and choose the option below that best matches your answer. Select one: O a. 0.1 O b. 2. О с. 1. O d. 0.7 О е. 0.5arrow_forwardMost distances in the Galaxy are measured in light-years instead of meters. Why do you think this is the case?arrow_forwardIf the dark matter in the Milky Way were composed entirely of MACHOs (evidence shows it is not), approximately how many would there have to be? Assume the average mass of a MACHO is 1/1000 that of the Sun, and that dark matter has a mass 10 times that of the luminous Milky Way galaxy with its 1011 stars of average mass 1.5 times the Sun’s mass.arrow_forward
- Why cant an open universe have a center? How can a closed universe not have a center?arrow_forwardThe best parallaxes obtained with Hipparcos have an accuracy of 0.001 arcsec. If you want to measure the distance to a star with an accuracy of 10%, its parallax must be 10 times larger than the typical error. How far away can you obtain a distance that is accurate to 10% with Hipparcos data? The disk of our Galaxy is 100,000 light-years in diameter. What fraction of the diameter of the Galaxy’s disk is the distance for which we can measure accurate parallaxes?arrow_forward
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