Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 9TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The C3 plants perform photorespiration when the concentration of carbon dioxide is low and oxygen is high. Photorespiration takes place due to the residual affinity of Rubisco for oxygen. The enzyme assimilates CO2 in C3 plants.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct?
1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize.
2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair.
3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+.
4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+.
A.
1,2 and 3
B.
1 and 3
C.
2 and 4
D.
4 only
E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
The distinction between C3, C4, and CAM plants is the intermediate substance that is made prior to the Calvin Cycle. These modifications allow C3 plants to grow in cooler regions, C4 plants to grow in hot climates, and CAM plants to grow in very dry environments.
True
False
The primary role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis is to:
-
split H2O and release oxygen
-
establish a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
-
use the energy in ATP and NADPH to fix carbon and build sugars
-
produce ATP and NADPH
2. The enzyme used to catalyze the initial fixation of CO2 in C3 photosynthesis is:
Rubisco
NADP+ reductase
ATP synthase
PEP carboxylase
3. The primary role of the light reactions in photosynthesis is to:
-
bring CO2 into the chloroplast
use the energy in ATP and NADPH to fix carbon and build sugars
establish a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
produce ATP and NADPH
*I do not need an explanation so please don't provide, I just need an answer choice picked for each*
Chapter 7 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 7.1 - Which types of organisms carry out cellular...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 7.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 7.1 - If you were traveling from the cytosol to the...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.2 - What is the advantage of having different pigment...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7.2 - What is the purpose of cyclic...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 7.5 - What are the advantages and disadvantages for C3,...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 7.5 - An evolutionary adaptation to minimize...Ch. 7 - The water necessary for photosynthesis is split...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYCh. 7 - During the first phase of the Calvin cycle, carbon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6TYCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYCh. 7 - Prob. 9TYCh. 7 - Plants commonly found in hot and dry environments...Ch. 7 - What are the two stages of photosynthesis? What...Ch. 7 - What is the function of NADPH in the Calvin cycle?Ch. 7 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 7 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Which of the following substances does not participate in the Calvin-Benson cycle? a. ATP c. NADPH e. PGAL b. O2 d. RuBP f. CO2arrow_forwardIn the Calvin cycle, what is the name of the enzyme that attaches a molecule of carbon dioxide to the 5-carbon molecule called ribulose bisphosphate? Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Ribulose bisphosphate oxygenase Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, also known as RuBisCO 3-PGA carboxylasearrow_forwardChoose the CORRECT order of reactions that are conducted by photosystem I. P700 is activated by two photons → two Chl A0 accept two high-energy electrons → one quinone A1 is fully reduced → two electrons are passed on one 4Fe–4S cluster → two molecules of ferredoxin are reduced → ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase takes two protons from the stroma and reduces one NADP+ P680 is activated by two photons → two Chl A0 accept two high-energy electrons → two molecules of ferredoxin are reduced → ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase oxidizes one ferredoxin at a time to reduce FAD to FADH- and then to FADH2 → the proton-motive force is created P700 is activated by a photon → Chl A0 accepts two high-energy electrons → one plastoquinone QA is fully reduced → two electrons are passed on one 4Fe–4S cluster → two molecules of ferredoxin are reduced → ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase takes two protons from the stroma and reduces one FAD P700 is activated by a photon → pheophytin accepts two high-energy electrons →…arrow_forward
- What happens during the regeneration stage of the Calvin Cycle? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduc 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) The remaining G3P molecules that have not exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue Oxygen is produced through this process The enzyme Rubisco attaches to CO2 to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglyceratearrow_forwardWhich of the following approaches would be the best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in some photosynthetic organisms? Determine whether they have thylakoid membranes. Determine whether they consume CO2 in the dark. Determine whether they produce O2 in the light. Determine the action spectrum for photosynthesis in these organisms.arrow_forwardWhat happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-indepedent reactions)? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) Oxygen is produced through this process The remaining G3P molecules that have exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue. The enzyme Rubisco attaches to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglyceratearrow_forward
- How many water molecules have to be split as part of the light reactions to produce enough ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)? STROMA (low H+ concentration) Light THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) STROMA (low H+ concentration) Photosystem II 4 H+ H₂O 1 1/2 0₂ +2 H+ Thylakoid membrane Cytochrome complex Light Pq 4 H+ Photosystem I Pc ATP synthase ADP + H+ Fd M ATP NADP+ reductase NADP+ + H+ NADPH To Calvin Cyclearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements related to the Calvin Cycle is CORRECT? Six molecules of G3P are produced for every three carbon dioxide that undergo calvin cycle Carbon dioxide is attached to 3-phosphoglycerate resulting is 2 RuBP The regeneration of RuBP is important because it is directly used for the production of starch, cellulose, and glucose. One molecule of G3P exits the calvin cycle and five is used to form glucose for the production of starch, cellulose, and sucrose.arrow_forwardWhat are the stages of the Calvin-Benson cycle? Select all that apply. The resulting unstable six-carbon molecule splits into two three-carbon molecules of PGA. ATP and NADPH are used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL. Most of the PGAL is used to regenerate RuBP, but some is exported to the cytoplasm to produce carbohydrates. Rubisco attaches CO2 to a five-carbon organic compound called RuBP. Rubisco is used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL.arrow_forward
- Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox looparrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about CAM photosynthetic pathway? Compared to the C3 and C4 pathways, CAM photosynthesis results in greater transpiration and water loss. O By separating where carbon is initially fixed inside the leaf tissue, CAM plants can better control the gradient of carbon dioxide between the air and their leaves. CAM photosynthesis is more energy efficient than C3 photosynthesis. Compared to C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways, the rate of CAM photosynthesis is limited.arrow_forwardCondition: A transmembrane (or integral membrane) protein that acts as a H+ channel has been added to the thylakoid membrane. What impact will thishave to photosynthesis? Explain why. (Specific values are not required, just an indication of overall effect and reasons why.)arrow_forward
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